Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialThe TEAM project: the effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention with hospital patients.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of three smoking cessation interventions for this population: (1) modified usual care (UC); (2) brief advice (A); and (3) brief advice plus more extended counseling during and after hospitalization (A + C). ⋯ These interventions for hospital in-patients did not increase abstinence rates. Features of the study that might have contributed to this finding were the inclusiveness of the participation criteria, the fact that pharmacological aids were not provided, and a stage-matching approach that resulted in less intensive counseling for participants unwilling to set a quit date.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialSmoking reduction intervention in a large population-based study. The Inter99 study.
Smoking reduction has been introduced as an alternative to smokers unable or unwilling to quit but has never been implemented in a population-based intervention. ⋯ The smoking reduction intervention was significant in self-reported reduction of tobacco consumption and subsequently increased motivation to quit. This may open new perspectives, with reduction as a first step towards cessation, a possible supplement to smoking cessation strategies.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe Pediatric Residency Training on Tobacco Project: baseline findings from the resident tobacco survey and observed structured clinical examinations.
Residency training is an ideal time to prepare pediatricians to address tobacco, although few programs provide the necessary training. Barriers to training include competing priorities, lack of resources, and unavailability of expertise. Solutions for Smoking, a hybrid CD-ROM and web site training program for pediatric residents, may enable training directors to overcome these barriers and to include training on tobacco in their curriculum. The Pediatric Residency Training on Tobacco Project is a 4-year randomized prospective study that compares the effectiveness of a special training program, with Solutions for Smoking as the main teaching tool, to a standard training program in 15 pediatric residency-training programs. ⋯ The baseline findings underscore the importance of the proposed research, and the special training program may serve as a useful model for training pediatric residents to address tobacco in the future.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIncreasing mammography screening among women over age 50 with a videotape intervention.
A randomized trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of a videotape for increasing mammography screening among a multiethnic sample of older women. ⋯ The videotape had a small effect on increasing mammography screening. Although the effect was smaller than more intensive interventions, the video is a convenient, low cost, and easily implemented method to increase mammography screening.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA randomized controlled clinical trial for low back pain treated by acupressure and physical therapy.
Although acupressure has been reported to be effective in managing various types of pain, its efficacy in relieving pain associated with low back pain (LBP) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of acupressure with that of physical therapy in reducing low back pain. ⋯ Our results suggest that acupressure is another effective alternative medicine in reducing low back pain, although the standard operating procedures involved with acupressure treatment should be carefully assessed in the future.