Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe smoking cessation efficacy of varying doses of nicotine patch delivery systems 4 to 5 years post-quit day.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term smoking cessation efficacy of varying doses of transdermal nicotine delivery systems 4 to 5 years post-quit day. ⋯ Nicotine patch therapy with 21 mg/day patches resulted in a significantly higher long-term continuous abstinence rate compared to lower dose patches and placebo. Relapse rates among the various treatment conditions were similar after 1 year postcessation.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialGender differences among smokers and quitters in the Working Well Trial.
Gender differences in smoking and smoking cessation among participants in the Working Well Trial are characterized. ⋯ Gender is not a strong predictor of smoking cessation in this population; however, women were more likely to quit with an intervention than without one.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialHealthy Start: a comprehensive health education program for preschool children.
Healthy Start is a 3-year demonstration and education research project designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidimensional cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction intervention in preschool centers over a 3-year period of time. ⋯ While substantial efforts have targeted CV risk reduction and health education for elementary school children, similar efforts aimed at preschool children have been lacking. The rationale for beginning CV risk reduction programs for preschool children is based upon the premise that risk factors for heart disease are prevalent by 3 years of age and tend to track over time, most commonly hypercholesterolemia and obesity, both related to nutrition. Since the behavioral antecedents for nutritional risk factors begin to be established very early in life, it is important to develop and evaluate new educational initiatives such as Healthy Start, aimed at the primary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in preschool children. The purpose of this publication is to describe the rationale and methods for the Healthy Start project.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialTransdermal nicotine replacement for hospitalized patients: a randomized clinical trial.
This study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of a treatment involving brief counseling and the nicotine patch among hospital inpatients and to identify variables associated with long-term smoking cessation following hospitalization. ⋯ The initiation of nicotine patch therapy during hospitalization appears to be safe when used among patients carrying a wide range of diagnoses. Our study provided no evidence of the superiority of nicotine patches versus placebo, but this does not preclude the possibility that future research using larger samples might detect differences between patch groups. Hospital interventions for smoking cessation may be most effective among patients hospitalized for a smoking-related illness such as respiratory disease.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialWorksite health and safety climate: scale development and effects of a health promotion intervention.
Environmental influences on health and health behavior have an important place in research on worksite health promotion. We tested the validity and internal consistency of a new measure of organizational health and safety climate that was used in a large randomized trial of a worksite cancer prevention program (the Working Well Trial). The resulting scales then were applied to assess intervention effects. ⋯ The health and safety climate scales developed for this study provide useful instruments for measuring organizational change related to worksite health promotion activities. The Working Well Intervention resulted in a significant improvement in worksite health climate.