Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2016
Observational StudyPlaces where children are active: A longitudinal examination of children's physical activity.
Using two-year longitudinal data, we examined locations where children spent time and were active, whether location patterns were stable, and relationships between spending time in their home neighborhood and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). At two time points (2007-2009 and 2009-2011), children living in the metropolitans areas of either San Diego, CA or Seattle, WA wore an accelerometer, and parents recorded their child's locations for seven days. Across two years, global average proportion of time spent in each location was stable, but total time and proportion of time in each location spent in MVPA decreased significantly across all locations. Children spent the largest proportion of time in MVPA in their home neighborhood at both time points, although they spent little time in their home neighborhood.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2016
Economic preferences and fast food consumption in US adults: Insights from behavioral economics.
To examine the relationship between economic time preferences and frequency of fast food and full-service restaurant consumption among U.S. adults. ⋯ Higher future time preferences were related to a lower frequency of fast food consumption. Utilizing concepts from behavioral economics (e.g. pre-commitment contracts) to facilitate more healthful eating is warranted using experimental studies.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2016
The role of area-level deprivation and gender in participation in population-based faecal immunochemical test (FIT) colorectal cancer screening.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of sex and deprivation on participation in a population-based faecal immunochemical test (FIT) colorectal cancer screening programme. The study population included 9785 individuals invited to participate in two rounds of a population-based biennial FIT-based screening programme, in a relatively deprived area of Dublin, Ireland. Explanatory variables included in the analysis were sex, deprivation category of area of residence and age (at end of screening). ⋯ The effects of deprivation and sex were similar by screening round. Deprivation and male gender are independently associated with lower uptake of population-based FIT colorectal cancer screening, even in a relatively deprived setting. Development of evidence-based interventions to increase uptake in these disadvantaged groups is urgently required.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2016
Food insecurity and cardiovascular health: Findings from a statewide population health survey in Wisconsin.
The social and economic environment has become a major area of interest regarding the determinants of cardiovascular health. Among markers of economic distress, food insecurity has been found associated with metabolic disorders, dyslipidemia, and obesity, but no previous studies have examined its association with overall cardiovascular health. ⋯ Participants who were food insecure were significantly less likely to have good CVH compared to participants who were food secure. Even though this study cannot confirm causality, these results suggest that food insecurity might be one of several socio-economic barriers contributing to poor CVH.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2016
Prevalence, co-occurrence, and clustering of health-risk behaviors among people with different socio-economic trajectories: A population-based study.
Only a few previously published studies have investigated the co-occurrence and clustering of health-risk behaviors in people with different socio-economic trajectories from childhood to adulthood. This study was based on data collected through the Stockholm County Council's public health surveys. We selected the 24,241 participants aged 30 to 65years, who responded to a postal questionnaire in 2010. ⋯ Accordingly, having three or four co-occurring health-risk behaviors were much more likely (up to 4 times, in terms of odds ratios) in these groups as compared to the women and men with an upwardly mobile or a stable high socio-economic trajectory. However, clustering of the health-risk behaviors was not found to be stronger in those with a downwardly mobile or stable low socio-economic trajectory. Thus, the fact that women and men with a disadvantageous socio-economic career were found to have co-occurring health-risk behaviors more often than people with an advantageous socio-economic career seemed to be generated by differences in prevalence of the health-risk behaviors, not by differences in clustering of the behaviors.