Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
Pragmatic Clinical TrialAgainst colorectal cancer in our neighborhoods (ACCION): A comprehensive community-wide colorectal cancer screening intervention for the uninsured in a predominantly Hispanic community.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA. Screening is widely recommended but underutilized, particularly among the low income, the uninsured, recent immigrants and Hispanics. The study objective was to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive community-wide, bilingual, CRC screening intervention among uninsured predominantly Hispanic individuals. ⋯ No educational group differences were observed. Covariate adjustment did not significantly alter the effect. A multicomponent community-wide, bilingual, CRC screening intervention significantly increased CRC screening in an uninsured predominantly Hispanic population.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
Melanoma burden and recent trends among non-Hispanic whites aged 15-49years, United States.
Melanoma is among the most common cancers for adolescents and young adults. Updated information on melanoma among adults <50 is needed. The objective of this study was to examine invasive melanoma in the United States among people aged 15-49years for the group at highest risk, non-Hispanic whites. ⋯ Melanomas were most commonly diagnosed on the trunk and lower extremity among females and on the trunk and upper extremity among males. Increases in melanoma incidence among non-Hispanic whites aged 15-49years across various thicknesses suggest that melanoma trends are not solely related to increased screening but are, in part, related to true increases. Declines in melanoma rates of about 3% a year from the mid-2000s to 2012 in the youngest age groups offer hope that melanoma incidence may decline in future generations.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
Feedback from physical activity monitors is not compatible with current recommendations: A recalibration study.
Wearable devices to self-monitor physical activity have become popular with individuals and healthcare practitioners as a route to the prevention of chronic disease. It is not currently possible to reconcile feedback from these devices with activity recommendations because the guidelines refer to the amount of activity required on top of normal lifestyle activities (e.g., 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity per week over-and-above normal moderate-to-vigorous lifestyle activities). The aim of this study was to recalibrate the feedback from self-monitoring. ⋯ This study demonstrates that feedback from sophisticated wearable devices is incompatible with current physical activity recommendations. Without adjustment, people will erroneously form the view that they are exceeding recommendations by several fold. A more appropriate target from self-monitoring that accounts for normal moderate-to-vigorous lifestyle activities is ~1000 minutes per week, which represents ~15% of waking time.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
Active school transport and fast food intake: Are there racial and ethnic differences?
To investigate whether active school transport was associated with fast food consumption, and to examine differences across racial/ethnic groups. ⋯ AST appears to be a risk factor for fast food intake, and may expose some ethnic groups more than others to increased opportunity to purchase and consume fast food. Programs and policies to promote AST among adolescents should incorporate efforts to encourage healthy eating and discourage concentration of fast food outlets near schools.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
The relationship between wealth and loneliness among older people across Europe: Is social participation protective?
1. Examine the relationship between household wealth, social participation and loneliness among older people across Europe. 2. Investigate whether relationships vary by type of social participation (charity/volunteer work, sports/social clubs, educational/training course, and political/community organisations) and gender. 3. Examine whether social participation moderates the association between wealth and loneliness. ⋯ Participation in external social activities may help to reduce loneliness among older adults and potentially acts as a buffer against the adverse effects of socioeconomic disadvantage.