Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
Cost effectiveness of an internet-delivered lifestyle intervention in primary care patients with high cardiovascular risk.
To assess the cost-effectiveness of an online adaptation of the diabetes prevention program (ODPP) lifestyle intervention. ⋯ The ODPP may offer an economical approach to combating overweight and obesity.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
Association between television viewing time and risk of incident stroke in a general population: Results from the REGARDS study.
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between TV/video viewing, as a measure of sedentary behavior, and risk of incident stroke in a large prospective cohort of men and women. ⋯ These results suggest that while TV/video viewing is associated with increased stroke risk, the effect of TV/video viewing on stroke risk may be explained through other risk factors.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
Mapping interventions that promote mental health in the general population: A scoping review of reviews.
Health policies and programs promoting mental health or preventing mental illness in the general public are under-recognized facets of primary prevention. Increasing awareness and adoption of such strategies could reduce the burden of mental illness in individuals, families, communities, and society as whole. We conducted a scoping review of reviews of interventions to promote mental health or prevent mental illness. ⋯ In the workplace, the focus was on managing stress, while programs for the elderly emphasized quality of life determinants. This review summarizes a wide variety of interventions to promote mental health or prevent mental illness, but the literature is primarily focused on the individual or family unit. More information is required about interventions at the community and societal levels.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
ReviewCorrelates and predictors of sexual health among adolescent Latinas in the United States: A systematic review of the literature, 2004-2015.
Adolescent Latinas in the United States (US) are disproportionately affected by early pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in comparison to their non-Hispanic white counterparts. However, only a few studies have sought to understand the multi-level factors associated with sexual health in adolescent Latinas. Adhering to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review to better understand the correlates and predictors of sexual health among adolescent Latinas in the US, identify gaps in the research, and suggest future directions for empirical studies and intervention efforts. ⋯ A majority of the studies reviewed (n=9) examined some aspect of acculturation or Latino/a cultural values in relation to sexual health. Results varied widely between studies suggesting that the relationship between individual and proximal contextual variables (including acculturation) and sexual health may be more complex than previously conceived. This review integrates the findings on correlates and predictors of sexual health among adolescent Latinas, and supports the need for strengths-based theoretically guided research on the mechanisms driving these associations.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
Causal pathways linking environmental change with health behaviour change: Natural experimental study of new transport infrastructure and cycling to work.
Mechanisms linking changes to the environment with changes in physical activity are poorly understood. Insights into mechanisms of interventions can help strengthen causal attribution and improve understanding of divergent response patterns. We examined the causal pathways linking exposure to new transport infrastructure with changes in cycling to work. ⋯ The findings strengthen the causal argument that changing the environment led to changes in health-related behaviour via use of the new infrastructure, but also show how some commuters may have spent less time cycling as a result.