Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialProspective effects of pedometer use and class competitions on physical activity in youth: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.
To evaluate the immediate effects of a school-based multi-component program to foster a physically active lifestyle in adolescence. ⋯ An easy to administer school-based physical activity program (12 weeks) may enhance students' leisure-time physical activity.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Who is using e-cigarettes in Canada? Nationally representative data on the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Canadians.
The current study examined prevalence and correlates of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in the Canadian population, using data from the nationally representative 2013 Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (n=14,565). Sociodemographic correlates of e-cigarette use (ever, and in the past 30 days) were examined using logistic regression models. Overall, 8.5% of Canadians aged 15 and older reported having ever tried an e-cigarette; 1.8% had used one in the past 30 days. ⋯ In Canada, e-cigarette use is particularly high among smokers and young people. Dual use with cigarettes was common, with most e-cigarette users also smoking conventional cigarettes. Continued monitoring of e-cigarette use and its relationship with smoking should be a priority, given the rapidly-evolving e-cigarette market and implementation of new policy measures.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Racial and ethnic differences in human papillomavirus positivity and risk factors among low-income women in Federally Qualified Health Centers in the United States.
Reasons for racial/ethnic disparities in HPV infection are unclear. This study assessed racial/ethnic differences in and risk factors for HPV positivity among low-income women. Data were collected from 984 low-income women visiting Federally Qualified Health Centers across Illinois (2009-2011). ⋯ In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression, being non-Hispanic black, first sexual intercourse before age 16 years, increasing numbers of recent or lifetime sexual partners and current cigarette smoking status were associated with a higher likelihood of HPV positivity. Our findings highlight racial/ethnic differences in HPV positivity and risk factors in a population of women with similar socioeconomic characteristics. When measuring HPV risk factors within the Hispanic population, foreign-born status and other mediating factors, such as social norms and cultural characteristics, may be relevant to assess the intragroup heterogeneity.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Incarceration and adult weight gain in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL).
The United States has the unenviable distinction of having both the highest obesity rate among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries and the highest incarceration rate in the world. Further, both are socially patterned by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Incarceration involves various health behaviors that could influence adult weight trajectory. ⋯ The results of this study indicate that incarceration is associated with a lower transition of weight gain in males, but not in females..
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Prevalence of physical activity in European adults - Compliance with the World Health Organization's physical activity guidelines.
Adults are recommended to engage in at least 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA). ⋯ Although about 60% of European adults reported achieving the recommended levels of PA, there is much room for improvement among European adults, particularly among relatively inactive subgroups.