Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2014
Physical activity mediates the relationship between perceived crime safety and obesity.
The current cross-sectional study tests whether low perceived crime safety is associated with body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk and whether less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) accounts for part of this relationship. ⋯ In this neighborhood, with relatively low perceived safety from crime, residents' low perceived safety is related to more obesity and higher BMI; lower MVPA among residents explained part of this relationship. If residents are to become more active in their neighborhood it may be important to address perceived crime safety as part of broader efforts to enhance active living.
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Electronic cigarettes (e-cig) are proliferating in the world's lucrative nicotine delivery market at an alarmingly fast pace. E-cig are aggressively marketed as an alternative to conventional tobacco cigarettes, although very little is known about the health consequences of e-cig use. Chemical analysis of e-cig vapor/liquid has shown that many toxicants and carcinogens present in cigarette smoke are also found, albeit generally in lower concentrations, in a wide range of e-cig products. ⋯ The ongoing research and future investigations on e-cig initiation, use, perceptions, dependence, and toxicity are expected to provide empirical evidence that can be used to inform the general public, scientific community, and regulatory authorities of the health risks/benefits associated with e-cig use. This information will help stimulate scientists in the field of tobacco research, as well as assist the regulatory agencies in making scientifically based decisions on the development and evaluation of regulations on tobacco products to protect the public's health. Finding the scientific underpinnings for the health risks/benefits of e-cig use can impact millions of people who are increasingly turning to e-cig as a replacement for or complement to conventional tobacco cigarettes.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2014
Active smoking, environmental tobacco smoke and bronchitic symptoms among adolescents in Taiwan: a prospective cohort study.
The study investigates the association between active smoking, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the development of bronchitis and bronchitic symptoms among adolescents. ⋯ This study demonstrates that active smoking and exposure to ETS are associated with higher risks for developing bronchitic symptoms among adolescents.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2014
Comparative StudyDeterminants of use of smoking cessation aids in 27 European countries.
To identify determinants of use of smoking cessation aids among current and former smokers in the European Union (EU). ⋯ These findings underscore the need for enhanced and sustained efforts to ensure increased access to cessation services and aids as part of a comprehensive tobacco control programme.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2014
Comparative StudyAffordable Care Act standards for race and ethnicity mask disparities in maternal smoking during pregnancy.
This study compared maternal smoking during pregnancy between the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) data collection standards and Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. ⋯ When population health surveys and other reporting tools are being revised, state and federal agencies should consider expanding all race/ethnicity categories to capture detailed ethnicity on everyone.