Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Access to routine health care and awareness of hypertension status among adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2018.
Hypertension is a growing pandemic affecting over 1 billion people worldwide; about 46% of people with hypertension are unaware. ⋯ Access to a routine place of care in a non-emergency department setting is essential to reduce the rate of undiagnosed hypertension among American adults. Policymakers should implement policies to address the shortage of primary care providers and increase access to a routine place of care.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Individual and dual trajectories of insomnia symptoms and body mass index before and after retirement and their associations with changes in subjective cognitive functioning.
We examined individual and dual trajectories of insomnia symptoms and body mass index (BMI) before and after retirement, and their associations with changes in subjective cognitive functioning after retirement. ⋯ The association between dual trajectories of insomnia symptoms and BMI with subjective cognitive decline is dominated by insomnia symptoms.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Determining pathways of effect between correlates and outcomes of transport-related physical activity at differing timepoints across the lifecourse: A structural equation modelling approach.
Transport-related physical activity levels differ across the lifecourse; however, the nature of these differences is poorly understood. This study examined the relationship between correlates of transport-related physical activity and how they differ in strength, pathway, and direction across the lifecourse. Structural Equation Modelling assessed relationships between correlates (e.g., age, smoking, education) and transport-related physical activity (assessed via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) at four timepoints of the Australian Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study: childhood (7-15y; n = 6302), early-adulthood (26-36y; n = 2700), early/mid-adulthood (31-41y; n = 1649), and mid-adulthood (36-49y; n = 1794). ⋯ Urban residence was directly associated with greater transport-related physical activity in childhood and early-adulthood; having more children in early/mid- and mid-adulthood was directly associated with less transport-related physical activity. This is the first study to report pathways of direct and indirect association between correlates and transport-related physical activity at key lifecourse stages. The pathways highlighted can inform policy and practice to aid in the development of age-specific lifecourse interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Association between circadian physical activity patterns and cancer incidence through regulation of inflammation: A UK biobank study.
Physical activity (PA) has been linked with cancer incidence. However, the effects and mechanisms underpinning circadian PA trajectories on cancer remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the optimal PA patterns in reducing cancer incidence and the associated potential mediators. ⋯ Optimal PA trajectories reduced cancer incidence, especially in double peak and vigorous patterns. The protective effect was associated with both intensity and circadian rhythm. Crucially, this protection was mediated by inflammation regulation.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Association of positive childhood experiences with flourishing among children with ADHD: A population-based study in the United States.
Child flourishing includes healthy social and emotional development and an open, engaged approach to learning. However, there remains a significant knowledge gap concerning a minority of children with ADHD who may demonstrate flourishing in one or more areas of functioning. This study investigated the association between positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and flourishing among children with ADHD. ⋯ Our findings revealed a positive association between higher levels of PCEs and greater flourishing among children with ADHD, regardless of the level of childhood adversity they experienced. These results highlight the importance of positive experiences in the lives of children with ADHD, with a specific focus on nurturing supportive relationships within families.