Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
ReviewSystems map of interventions to improve dietary intake of pre-school aged children: A scoping review.
Implementation and sustaining impact of early childhood nutrition interventions in practice remains a challenge. An understanding of the extent to which determinants across multiple levels of the food system are being addressed may improve success. This literature review aimed to synthesise the evidence on interventions targeting dietary intake and eating behaviours in preschool children using a systems approach. ⋯ These determinants had a Moderate research priority rating. Home Food Availability and Accessibility at the environmental level is classified as the highest research priority, however, only 15 of 160 interventions addressed this determinant. This review highlights home food availability and accessibility as potential leverage points for future interventions to improve children's dietary intake and eating behaviours.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Risks of opioid overdose among New York State Medicaid recipients with chronic pain before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to healthcare disruptions for patients with chronic pain. Following initial disruptions, national policies were enacted to expand access to long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) for chronic pain and opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment services, which may have modified risk of opioid overdose. We examined associations between LTOT and/or OUD with fatal and non-fatal opioid overdoses, and whether the pandemic moderated overdose risk in these groups. ⋯ Findings demonstrated no significant effect of the pandemic on opioid overdose among people with chronic pain and LTOT and/or OUD, suggesting pandemic policies expanding access to chronic pain and OUD treatment services may have mitigated the risk of opioid overdose.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Association of emergency allotment discontinuation with household food insufficiency in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participants: A quasi-experimental study.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) was modified to mitigate food insecurity faced by low-income families during the pandemic. These changes included enhancement of SNAP benefits via 2020 emergency allotments (EA). Despite the high food price inflation in 2022, 17 states ceased providing EA benefits by end of 2022. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of EA discontinuation on food insufficiency. ⋯ Findings imply that EA discontinuation, amidst the corresponding surge in inflation, could have contributed to increased rates of household food insufficiency.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Multidimensional typologies of precarious employment and their relationships with mental well-being in Korean wageworkers: A latent class analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020¬2021).
Precarious employment (PE) has been conceptualized as having a multidimensional nature, and research addressing this topic in Asian countries is scarce. This study examined the typologies of PE and their relationships with mental health among Korean workers. ⋯ Employment insecurity, low material rewards, and a lack of rights and protection can contribute to the poor mental health of workers. Policy interventions are warranted to mitigate inequalities in employment quality among Korean workers.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Associations of physical frailty with incidence and mortality of overall and site-specific cancers: A prospective cohort study from UK biobank.
Evidence regarding the role of physical frailty in cancer-related outcomes is limited. We aimed to examine the association of frailty with cancer incidence and mortality risk. ⋯ Frailty phenotypes contributed significantly to a higher risk of overall and some site-specific cancers incidence and mortality in a stepwise manner or within individual categories. Future studies are warranted to emphasize the identification, management and prevention of frailty in the whole population and complements of lifestyle-targeted interventions such as quitting smoking.