Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEvaluation of a tobacco and alcohol use prevention program for Hispanic migrant adolescents: promoting the protective factor of parent-child communication.
Interventions designed to prevent tobacco and alcohol use targeting high-risk adolescents are limited. In addition, few studies have attempted to improve parent-child communication skills as a way of improving and maintaining healthy youth decision-making. ⋯ A culturally sensitive family-based intervention for migrant Hispanic youth was found to be effective in increasing perceived parent-child communication in families with fewer children. It is expected that increases in this important protective factor will lead to later observed decreases in tobacco and alcohol use.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2000
Comparative StudyRisk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young adults from a biracial community: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Since type 2 diabetes has a strong familial component, characteristics of young adult offspring of type 2 diabetics were examined in a community sample to determine early abnormalities in black and white persons at risk. ⋯ The risk factors of young adults with parental type 2 diabetes or conditions of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes can be detected early. These observations have implications for early prevention and intervention, especially for blacks.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2000
The relative importance of social versus commercial sources in youth access to tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
Youth substance use began to increase in 1992 following a decade-long decline, leading to increased interest in controlling access to tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs. ⋯ Because substances are easily accessible through social sources, prevention policies directed at retail outlets may not have the desired effect on reducing teen smoking and drinking. Greater attention to reducing access to all substances from social sources is needed.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffectiveness of physician-based assessment and counseling for exercise in a staff model HMO.
Few primary care physicians routinely counsel for exercise, despite the benefits of physical activity and the high prevalence of inactivity. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of Physician-Based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise (PACE), a brief, behavior-based tool for primary care providers counseling healthy adults. ⋯ These results suggest that a one-time PACE counseling session with minimal reinforcement, in a setting with high baseline levels of activity, does not further increase activity. The finding that Contemplators advanced in stage of behavior change suggests that further studies are needed to examine long-term, repeated counseling interventions.
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Preventive medicine · May 2000
Comparative StudySociocultural variables in youth access to tobacco: replication 5 years later.
A prior study presented the only systematic investigation of the role of sociocultural variables in youth access to tobacco. White, black, and Latino girls and boys attempted to purchase cigarettes in the same 72 stores at the same time of day. Results revealed significantly greater sales to girls than to boys and to minorities than to whites. Before concluding that sociocultural variables must be addressed in merchant intervention programs designed to reduce youth access to tobacco, this study must be replicated, particularly in light of the significant decreases in youth access in the past 5 years. This article presents that replication. ⋯ Multiple sociocultural variables affect youth access to tobacco when access rates are high, but only youth ethnicity plays a role when access rates are low. Merchant interventions designed to reduce youth access to tobacco must address ethnic issues.