Preventive medicine
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between receptivity to cigarette promotions and smoking uptake in a cohort of adolescents. ⋯ This study supports a close linkage between tobacco promotional activities and uptake of smoking among adolescents beyond baseline descriptions of receptivity to cigarette promotions. Over time, the likelihood of smoking uptake is increased when an adolescent acquires a CPI or becomes willing to use one and is decreased when an adolescent who owns a CPI loses it or becomes unwilling to use it. This provides strong evidence that elimination of cigarette promotional campaigns could reduce adolescent smoking.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation counseling after myocardial infarction.
Smoking cessation after myocardial infarction (MI) has been associated with a 50% reduction in mortality but in-hospital smoking cessation interventions are rarely part of routine clinical practice. ⋯ A hospital-based smoking cessation program consisting of inpatient counseling and telephone follow-up substantially increases smoking abstinence 1 year after discharge in patients post-MI. Patients with low self-efficacy are almost certain to relapse without intervention. Such smoking cessation programs should be part of the management of patients with MI.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2000
Comparative StudyDifferences in tobacco assessment and intervention practices: a regional snapshot.
This research describes tobacco attitudes and practices of health care providers in the Upper Midwest. A baseline measure of preventive practices by providers was needed to plan effective tobacco intervention education programs. ⋯ In this region, provider groups differed in tobacco use assessment and treatment. All provider groups desired education regarding tobacco intervention. Region-wide tobacco cessation educational initiatives need to take into account differences between provider groups.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2000
Multicenter StudyLeisure-time, occupational, and household physical activity among professional, skilled, and less-skilled workers and homemakers.
Adults in lower status occupations are at higher risk of premature cardiovascular disease, for which physical inactivity is a major risk factor. While lower rates of leisure-time physical activity have been found to be associated consistently with lower income and education levels, the association between occupational and home-based physical activity with membership of different occupational categories is not well understood. ⋯ The assessment of occupational and household physical activity in addition to leisure-time activity may be important for understanding associations between occupational categories, physical activity, and increased levels of health risk and for the development of physical activity promotion strategies.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2000
Leisure-time physical activity in school environments: an observational study using SOPLAY.
Schools provide settings for physical activity (PA), but objective tools for measuring PA are lacking. We assessed an instrument to directly observe group PA and measured the leisure-time PA of adolescents throughout the school day. ⋯ Few students use opportunities to be physically active during lesiure time at school. Policies and environmental manipulations (e.g., supervision, equipment, structured programs) are needed to attract more adolescents, especially girls, to existing activity areas. The feasibility of SOPLAY for measuring group PA was established.