Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 1998
Differential beliefs, perceived social influences, and self-efficacy expectations among smokers in various motivational phases.
The ASE model, an integration of social psychological models, states that motivational phases and the transition from one phase to another can be predicted by behavioral determinants. The goal of the present study was to replicate the so-called O pattern that was found in earlier Dutch studies. ⋯ Since changes in cognitive determinants are thought to mediate transitions in motivational phases, the results can be used to tailor health education messages to the needs of smokers in the various motivational phases. The results suggest that smokers in precontemplation would benefit most from information about the pros of quitting and from obtaining support for quitting. Smokers in contemplation and preparation may benefit most from self-efficacy-enhancing information.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialGender differences among smokers and quitters in the Working Well Trial.
Gender differences in smoking and smoking cessation among participants in the Working Well Trial are characterized. ⋯ Gender is not a strong predictor of smoking cessation in this population; however, women were more likely to quit with an intervention than without one.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 1998
Comparative StudyToombak use and cigarette smoking in the Sudan: estimates of prevalence in the Nile state.
Survey data on the prevalence of use of oral snuff (toombak) and cigarette consumption according to various demographic factors are needed in the Sudan. ⋯ In view of the high prevalence of tobacco use, especially of toombak, among the population surveyed, there is an urgent need to educate the public on the health consequences of these habits.
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Preventive medicine · May 1998
Smoking status and relative weight by educational level in Finland, 1978-1995.
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between smoking status and relative body weight at different educational levels in Finland during 1978-1995. ⋯ The association between smoking status and relative weight varied according to educational level. The finding suggests that the association between smoking status and relative weight is modified by social and behavioral factors.
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Preventive medicine · May 1998
Determinants of exercise among children. II. A longitudinal analysis.
Research has demonstrated that physical activity serves an important preventive function against the development of cardiovascular disease. The recognition that U.S. children are often sedentary, coupled with the observation that physical activity habits tend to persist into adulthood, has prompted the investigation of exercise determinants consistent with social learning theory. The purposes of the present study were to identify social learning variables relevant to children's exercise and to explore the longitudinal predictive value of the determinants. ⋯ Socialization in the family unit exerts a tremendous influence on health-related behaviors such as exercise. The relative importance of determinants seems to differ for girls and boys and the pattern of these determinants appears to change over time.