Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Health-related social needs screening, reporting, and assistance in a large health system.
National mandates require screening for and addressing health-related social needs (HRSNs) in healthcare settings. However, differences in HRSN screening process (i.e., completed screenings, screening results, documented offer of assistance, documented assistance request) have been reported by population subgroup. Knowledge of the most effective HRSN screening and intervention methods is limited. We sought to describe differences in completed HRSN screenings, screening results, and assistance request rates across patient and healthcare visit characteristics. ⋯ This study is one of the first to investigate various steps of a population-wide HRSN screening program. Our findings suggest that examining differences in HRSN screening process by population subgroup is key to addressing HRSNs through a health equity lens.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Procrastination and preventive health-care in the older U.S. population.
Maintaining health preventive behaviours in later life reduces the risk of non-communicable diseases. However, these behaviours often require effort and discipline to adopt and may be prone to procrastination. This study examined whether procrastination affected engagement in health preventive behaviours among older adults. ⋯ Procrastination may be a behavioral risk factor for maintaining optimal health in older adults. Given that procrastination is a potentially modifiable behaviour, interventions aimed at reducing procrastination, such as simplifying tasks or providing default appointment, could improve engagement in critical health preventive behaviours.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Comparative StudyComparative effectiveness of high-efficacy and moderate efficacy disease-modifying agents in reducing the annualized relapse rates among multiple sclerosis patients in the United States.
The optimal treatment strategy for the management of multiple sclerosis is widely discussed due to the increasing availability of high-efficacy disease-modifying agents (heDMAs). This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of heDMA and moderate-efficacy disease-modifying agents (meDMAs) use in reducing annualized relapse rate (ARR) among multiple sclerosis patients. ⋯ The study found that sex moderated the effect of heDMAs, with male multiple sclerosis patients using heDMAs associated with a 26 % decreased risk of relapse than those with meDMAs. However, there was no difference in comparative effectiveness for females.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Firearm possession among emergency department youth and young adults: A latent class analysis.
Firearm injuries are a leading cause of death for youth/young-adults. We utilized latent class analysis to identify distinct motivational/behavioral patterns of firearm possession in a youth/young-adult emergency department sample to inform prevention strategies. ⋯ Among an emergency department sample, four distinct firearm possession classes emerged with different risk levels. Understanding firearm behaviors and risk/protective factors is critical to tailoring healthcare-focused interventions to address individual needs and reduce injury risk.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Observational StudyAssociation of children's electronic media use with physical activity, cognitive function, and stress.
Electronic media is constantly evolving and has become an integral part of people's lives, especially among youth. This cross-sectional observational study assessed the association between electronic media use, health behaviors and outcomes, specifically, physical activity, stress and cognitive function among youth from an under-resourced community. ⋯ #NCT04114734.