Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
Socioecological factors associated with multiple nicotine product use among U.S. youth: Findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study 2013-2018.
This study utilized a socioecological approach to prospectively identify intrapersonal, familial, and environmental factors associated with single nicotine product use (NPU) and multiple NPU among U.S. youth. ⋯ This study identified factors that may be studied to prevent any NPU, along with factors that may be studied to promote harm reduction by preventing escalation of single NPU to problematic patterns of multiple NPU.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
Review Meta AnalysisAssociation between estrogen replacement therapy and heart failure in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Based on past epidemiological investigations, the cardiovascular role of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in postmenopausal women has always been controversial. The real efficacy of ERT for heart failure (HF) among postmenopausal women remains to be further investigated. This article is based on research into European and American populations. ⋯ This systematic review demonstrated that estrogen replacement therapy did not significantly change the risk of first hospitalized heart failure and admission to the hospital for heart failure in postmenopausal women.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewEarly childhood (1-5 years) obesity prevention: A systematic review of family-based multicomponent behavioral interventions.
Globally 38.9 million children under age 5 have overweight or obesity, leading to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular complications, depression, and poor educational outcomes. Obesity is difficult to reverse and lifestyle behaviors (healthy or unhealthy) can persist from 1.5 years of age. Targeting caregivers to help address modifiable behaviors may offer a viable solution. ⋯ Except for one, the reviewed studies reported that family based interventions had no significant effects on child weight-based outcomes. Future studies of this type should include measurements of age and sex-based body mass index (BMI) and trajectories, and also examine other important benefits to the children and families.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewImplementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population: A scoping review.
Risk-tailored screening has emerged as a promising approach to optimise the balance of benefits and harms of existing population cancer screening programs. It tailors screening (e.g., eligibility, frequency, interval, test type) to individual risk rather than the current one-size-fits-all approach of most organised population screening programs. However, the implementation of risk-tailored cancer screening in the population is challenging as it requires a change of practice at multiple levels i.e., individual, provider, health system levels. This scoping review aims to synthesise current implementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population, identifying barriers, facilitators, and associated implementation outcomes. ⋯ Implementation strategies will need to address alternate models of delivery, education of health professionals, communication with the public, screening options for people at low risk of cancer, and inequity in outcomes across cancer types.