Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
Meta AnalysisVaccination against COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of acceptability and its predictors.
We aimed to estimate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptance rate and identify predictors associated with acceptance. To this end, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until November 4, 2020. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the rate with 95% confidence intervals (CI). ⋯ Protecting oneself or others was the main reason for willingness, and concerns about side effects and safety were the main reasons for unwillingness. National- and individual-level interventions can be implemented to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance before large-scale vaccine rollout. Greater efforts could be put into addressing negative predictors associated with willingness.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Meta AnalysisProvider communication and HPV vaccine uptake: A meta-analysis and systematic review.
Provider communication can be critically important to families as they consider HPV vaccination. We sought to characterize the association of provider communication and HPV vaccine uptake, and when communication better motivates vaccination. We searched four databases for studies published between 2006 and 2019. ⋯ Provider discussion was similarly associated with higher HPV vaccine initiation (OR = 12.4, 95% CI: 6.3-24.3). In summary, provider communication was robustly associated with HPV vaccination initiation, completion, and follow-through. These findings suggest that US public health efforts to increase HPV vaccine coverage should continue to emphasize provider communication.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Review Meta AnalysisLifestyle interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in clinical populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of different strategies and effects on cardiometabolic health.
Cardiometabolic comorbidities are highly prevalent in clinical populations, and have been associated (partly) with their sedentary lifestyle. Although lifestyle interventions targeting sedentary behaviour (SB) have been studied extensively in the general population, the effect of such strategies in clinical populations is not yet clear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of different lifestyle interventions on SB and cardiometabolic health in clinical populations. ⋯ Blood glycated haemoglobin concentration (-0.17%; 95% CI: [-0.30, -0.04]%; p = 0.01), fat percentage (-0.66%; 95% CI: [-1.26, -0.06]%, p = 0.03) and waist circumference (-1.52 cm; 95%CI: [-2.84, -0.21] cm; p = 0.02) were significantly reduced in the intervention groups compared to control groups. Behavioural lifestyle interventions reduce SB among clinical populations and improve cardiometabolic risk markers such as waist circumference, fat percentage, and glycaemic control. Sedentary behaviour, Cardiometabolic health, Clinical populations.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Review Meta AnalysisPersonalized mobile technologies for lifestyle behavior change: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.
Given that the one-size-fits-all approach to mobile health interventions have limited effects, a personalized approach might be necessary to promote healthy behaviors and prevent chronic conditions. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized mobile interventions on lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption), and identify the effective key features of such interventions. We included any experimental trials that tested a personalized mobile app or fitness tracker and reported any lifestyle behavior measures. ⋯ In summary, the field is in its infancy, with preliminary evidence of the potential efficacy of personalization in improving lifestyle behaviors. Source of data for personalization might be important in determining intervention effectiveness. To fully exploit the potential of personalization, future high-quality studies should investigate the integration of multiple data from different sources and include personalized features other than content.
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Preventive medicine · May 2021
Review Meta AnalysisSchool-based interventions to improve sun-safe knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review.
Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the leading cause of skin cancer, and childhood and adolescence is a particularly susceptible life period for exposure. This systematic review assessed whether interventions in elementary and secondary school settings reduced sun exposure, sunburns, and development of melanocytic nevi, and improved sun-safe knowledge, attitudes and sun protection behaviors in childhood and adolescence. A systematic search up to June 2020 of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and ProQuest databases was undertaken, for studies conducted among students in an elementary or secondary school setting that compared an intervention group with a pre-intervention or separate control group. ⋯ Key positive intervention features included: elementary school settings, interactive features or multiple components, and incorporating social norm influences. Most studies were classified at high risk of bias. In conclusion, school-based sun-related interventions had positive impacts on behaviors and attitudes among elementary and secondary school children.