Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache
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In 2013 the International Headache Society published the third International Classification of Headache Disorders beta-version, ICHD-3 beta. Its structure is identical to that of the present proposed version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), although slightly abbreviated to fulfill the needs of ICD-11. In the following, only ICHD-3 beta is mentioned, but findings regarding the validity of ICHD-3 beta categories are equally relevant to the forthcoming ICD-11. Here we field-tested the criteria for 1.2 migraine with aura (MA), 1.2.1 migraine with typical aura (MTA), 1.2.3 hemiplegic migraine, 1.2.2 migraine with brainstem aura, and the alternative criteria A1.2 MA and A1.2.1 MTA. ⋯ The new criteria in ICHD-3 beta/proposed ICD-11 for 1.2 MA, 1.2.1 MTA, 1.2.3.1 FHM and 1.2.3.2 SHM have more desirable properties than ICHD-2 and the ICHD-3 beta alternative criteria. The criteria for 1.2.2 migraine with brainstem aura should be more restrictive.
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Cognitive difficulties contribute to patients' disability during migraine attacks and have been overlooked in migraine research. Neuropsychological studies performed during attacks have produced inconsistent findings due to design differences and limitations. ⋯ Cognitive performance decreases during migraine attacks, especially in reading and processing speed, verbal memory and learning, supporting patients' subjective complaints. These findings suggest the existence of a reversible brain dysfunction during attacks of migraine without aura, which can relate specifically to migraine or be a consequence of acute pain processing by the brain.
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The objective of this article is to test the hypothesis that cognitive reserve (CR) is related to migraine chronification, medication overuse and poor quality of life in migraineurs. ⋯ Low CR appears to be an independent factor associated with the deterioration of quality of life, the presence of anxiety and depression, and drug dependence and medication overuse in CM-MOH.
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Although medication-overuse headache (MOH) is common in China, its clinical profile is not yet fully established. Meanwhile, ICHD-3 beta has been published, but its diagnostic criteria require further validation. ⋯ MOH in China is associated with lower educational level and annual income. MOH has rarely been diagnosed and correctly treated in China. ICHD-3 beta appears to be more appropriate for the diagnosis of MOH than previous versions.