Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jun 2011
Comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): a marker of severity.
Comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is well-described in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It remains unclear, however, whether OCPD in OCD represents a distinct subtype of OCD or whether it is simply a marker of severity in OCD. ⋯ The majority of our findings suggest that in OCD, patients with OCPD do not have a highly distinctive phenomenological or genetic profile, but rather that OCPD represents a marker of severity.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jun 2011
Peripheral administration of NR2 antagonists attenuates orofacial formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in rats.
The present study investigated the role of the peripheral NR2 subunits of N-methyl-d-aspartatic acid (NMDA) receptors in inflammatory orofacial pain. Experiments were carried out using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220 to 280 g. Formalin (5%, 50 μl) was applied subcutaneously to the vibrissa pad. ⋯ The antinociceptive doses of memantine (200 μg), 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (25 μg), AP-5 (20 μg), PPPA (2.5 μg), or Ro 25-6981 (50 μg) injected into the contralateral hind paw did not affect the number of scratches in both the first and second phases. Moreover, the peripheral administration of NR2 subunit antagonists, including other NMDA receptor blockers, did not produce any motor dysfunction. These results indicate that a targeted blockade of peripheral NR2 receptors is a potentially important new method of treating inflammatory pain in the orofacial area.