Emergency medicine clinics of North America
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2020
ReviewHigh-Risk Chief Complaints III: Abdomen and Extremities.
Abdominal and extremity complaints are common in the emergency department (ED) and, because of their frequency, clinical vigilance is vital in order not to miss the timely diagnosis of occult or delayed emergencies. Such emergencies, if not timely managed, are sources of significant patient morbidity and mortality and may expose ED physicians to possible litigation. Each patient complaint yields to a nuanced approach in diagnostics and therapeutics that can lead physicians toward the ruling in or out of the correct high-risk diagnosis. This article discusses the approach and risk management of this high-risk subset of abdominal and extremity diagnoses.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2020
ReviewEmergency Department Operations I: Emergency Medical Services and Patient Arrival.
The emergency department (ED) is by its nature inherently an environment with the potential for chaos because of the high volume and varied types of patients cared for in an ED setting. This article discusses potential system opportunities from the prehospital environment through arrival in the ED before provider evaluation. ⋯ Management and the reduction of risk to waiting room patients and patients who leave without being seen is explored. Description of the risks and mitigation strategies are discussed to decrease risk to patients, providers, and hospitals.
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Violent, combative and intoxicated patients are a common problem in the emergency department, and the emergency physician must be prepared to control the situation safely and effectively when a patient begins to exhibit dangerous behavior. This article reviews initial de-escalation techniques to reduce the need for patient restraint. It then details the 2 types of restraints (physical and chemical) and the clear indications for each type. The high-risk nature of utilization of restraints is reviewed, as well as the means by which to ensure patient and staff safety and decrease adverse outcomes.