Journal of the American College of Cardiology
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Sep 2003
Patterns of recurrence of congenital heart disease: an analysis of 6,640 consecutive pregnancies evaluated by detailed fetal echocardiography.
We sought to investigate the pattern of recurrence of congenital heart disease (CHD) where there is one or more affected first-degree relative. ⋯ The concordance rates of different types of CHD vary widely. Accurate diagnosis of the index case is essential for reliable counseling on patterns of recurrence. Minor CHD in the index case does not exclude more severe disease in recurrences. There appears to be significant under-referral for fetal echocardiography in paternal CHD.