Journal of the American College of Cardiology
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Jul 1986
Comparative StudyPeripartum cardiomyopathy: clinical, hemodynamic, histologic and prognostic characteristics.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is defined as left ventricular dilation and failure, first developing during the third trimester of pregnancy or in the first 6 months postpartum. In an effort to characterize this syndrome in a middle class population, 14 consecutive patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy underwent a detailed history and physical examination, right heart catheterization, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. These patients were then observed with sequential noninvasive studies to determine prognostic indicators. ⋯ Myocyte histologic findings were similar; however, myocarditis was identified in 29% of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy and in only 9% of those with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. In all patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, the myocardial biopsy was performed within 1 week of onset of symptoms. Seven (50%) of the patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy had dramatic improvement within 6 weeks of follow-up, and 6 (43%) died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · May 1986
Comparative StudySystemic and coronary effects of intravenous milrinone and dobutamine in congestive heart failure.
The effects of dobutamine and intravenous milrinone on systemic hemodynamics, coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolism were studied in 11 patients with severe congestive heart failure. Although milrinone and dobutamine similarly increased cardiac index from 1.9 +/- 0.4 to 2.5 +/- 0.4 liters/min per m2 (p less than 0.001) and from 1.9 +/- 0.4 to 2.8 +/- 0.8 liters/min per m2 (p less than 0.001), respectively, milrinone decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure to a greater extent than dobutamine, that is, from 26 +/- 6 to 12 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) versus 26 +/- 8 to 20 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). In contrast to dobutamine, milrinone significantly reduced mean systemic arterial and right atrial pressures. ⋯ Thus, dobutamine and milrinone produce similar improvement in cardiac index. However, dobutamine increases myocardial oxygen consumption, whereas milrinone does not. This difference can probably be explained by the substantial vasodilating properties of milrinone.
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Survival to hospital discharge was related to the clinical history and emergency care system factors in 285 patients with witnessed cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. Only the emergency care factors were associated with differences in outcome. ⋯ Expected survival rates were higher with early defibrillation (38 +/- 3%; 95% confidence limits) than the observed rate (28 +/- 3%). Because outcome from cardiac arrest is primarily influenced by delays in providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation, factors affecting response time should be carefully examined by all emergency care systems.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Apr 1986
Case ReportsCombined bipolar dual chamber pacing and automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator.
A 67 year old man with recurrent hypotensive ventricular tachycardia, amiodarone-induced bradyarrhythmias and severe cardiac dysfunction underwent simultaneous implantation of an automatic cardioverter/defibrillator and bipolar atrioventricular (AV) pacemaker. The pacing electrodes were placed epicardially near the right atrial appendage and on the lateral right ventricular wall. ⋯ Long-term follow-up study confirmed the safety of this treatment. With proper precautions, bipolar AV pacing can be safely combined with an automatic cardioverter/defibrillator.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Apr 1986
Comparative StudyTwenty-four hour survival in a canine model of cardiac arrest comparing three methods of manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Two new modifications of manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation, high impulse compression at a rate of 120/min and interposed abdominal compression at a rate of 60/min, have been reported to produce better hemodynamic responses than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation at 60/min. However, the effect of these two new methods on initial resuscitation success and 24 hour survival is unknown. In this study, 30 mongrel dogs were divided into three equal groups, each treated with one of three types of manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ⋯ There was no difference in initial resuscitation success, 24 hour survival or neurologic deficit of the survivors among the three manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods. Aortic diastolic and calculated coronary perfusion pressures were similar for all three methods. Well performed standard manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation is as effective as these modified versions (high impulse compression and interposed abdominal compression) when compared in the same animal model.