Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease
-
Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. · Mar 2011
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens from blood cultures from Canadian hospitals: results of the CANWARD 2007-2009 study.
This study assessed the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens associated with bloodstream infections in Canadian hospitals between 2007 and 2009. Tertiary-care medical centers representing 8 of 10 Canadian provinces submitted bloodstream infection pathogens from patients attending hospital clinics, emergency rooms, medical/surgical wards, and intensive care units. ⋯ The 10 most common pathogens (representing 80.9% of all isolates) were Escherichia coli (1856 [22.6%]), Staphylococcus aureus (1457 [17.7%] including 1101 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and 356 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), coagulase-negative staphylococci (907 [11.0%]), Klebsiella pneumoniae (600 [7.3%]), Streptococcus pneumoniae (470 [5.7%]), Enterococcus faecalis (360 [4.4%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (333 [4.0%]), viridans group streptococci (321 [3.9%]), Enterobacter cloacae (193 [2.3%]), and Streptococcus pyogenes (159 [1.9%]). The most active agents against Gram-negative bacilli were carbapenems (e.g., meropenem and ertapenem) and piperacillin-tazobactam, while for Gram-positive cocci, they were vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin.
-
Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. · Feb 2011
Detection of Blastomyces dermatitidis antigen in patients with newly diagnosed blastomycosis.
Blastomycosis is a serious and potentially fatal infection, and diagnosis can be difficult at times. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of a commercially available assay for detection of Blastomyces dermatitidis antigen, recently modified to permit quantitation, in subjects with newly diagnosed blastomycosis. Twenty-three of 27 (85.1%) subjects had detectable B. dermatitidis antigenuria. ⋯ Nine of 11 (81.8%) subjects had detectable B. dermatitidis antigen in serum, including 3 subjects with negative results before treatment of serum with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and positive results after EDTA treatment. B. dermatitidis antigen was not detected in specimens from 50 control subjects but was detected in 15 patients with histoplasmosis. B. dermatitidis antigen was detected in most of the patients with blastomycosis and can be a useful tool for timely diagnosis.
-
Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. · Dec 2010
Prevalence and diversity of carbapenemases among imipenem-nonsusceptible Acinetobacter isolates in Korea: emergence of a novel OXA-182.
Increase in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter poses a serious problem in Korea. In this study, 190 imipenem (IPM)-nonsusceptible (NS) Acinetobacter isolates from 12 Korean hospitals in 2007 were used to determine species, prevalence, and antimicrobial susceptibility of OXA carbapenemase- and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates. bla(OXA)-₂₃-like and ISAba1-asssociated bla(OXA)-₅₁-like genes were detected in 80% and 12% of 178 IPM-NS Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, respectively. A novel bla(OXA)-₁₈₂ was detected in 12 IPM-NS A. baumannii isolates. ⋯ Identical pulsed- field gel electrophoresis patterns were observed in 89% of A. baumannii isolates with bla(OXA)-₂₃-like gene. In conclusion, extremely rapid increase of IPM-NS A. baumannii in previous Korean studies was mainly due to clonal spread of OXA-23-producing A. baumannii isolates. A novel OXA-182 emerged in Korea.