Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Prospective, randomized, multicenter trial on the antiproliferative effect of lanreotide, interferon alfa, and their combination for therapy of metastatic neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors--the International Lanreotide and Interferon Alfa Study Group.
Somatostatin analogs and interferon alfa control hormone-active/functional neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors. In addition to hormonal control, variable degrees of antiproliferative effects for both agents have been reported. Until now, however, no prospective, randomized studies in therapy-naive patients have compared somatostatin analogs or interferon alfa alone with a combination of the two. ⋯ This prospective, randomized, multicenter study shows for the first time that somatostatin analogs, interferon alfa, or the combination of the two had comparable antiproliferative effects in the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors. Response rates were lower compared with those published in previous, nonrandomized studies. The antiproliferative effect of the tested substances was similar for functional and nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Androgen receptor mutations in androgen-independent prostate cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9663.
The mechanisms responsible for prostate cancer androgen independence are diverse. Mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene that broaden ligand specificity have been implicated. Bone marrow specimens containing prostate tumor were obtained from men undergoing antiandrogen withdrawal for AR sequence analysis and clinical correlation. ⋯ These data suggest that AR mutations are present in approximately 10% of patients with prostate cancer who experience treatment failure with hormone therapy that included an antiandrogen. Mutations in the AR likely confer a growth advantage for a subset of progressive prostate cancers. Correlation of AR mutation with antiandrogen withdrawal response or survival could not be made.
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Review
Status of epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists in the biology and treatment of cancer.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor of the ErbB family that is abnormally activated in many epithelial tumors. Receptor activation leads to recruitment and phosphorylation of several downstream intracellular substrates, leading to mitogenic signaling and other tumor-promoting cellular activities. In human tumors, receptor overexpression correlates with a more aggressive clinical course. ⋯ Although antitumor activity is significant, responses have been seen in only a minority of the patients treated. In some clinical trials, anti-EGFR agents enhanced the effects of conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Ongoing research efforts are directed at the selection of patients with EGFR-dependent tumors, identification of the differences among the various classes of agents, and new clinical development strategies.
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To study whether hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) after reduced-intensity conditioning is effective and tolerable in patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). ⋯ Treatment-related mortality after reduced-intensity conditioning followed by allogeneic HSCT was low. The procedure induced molecular remissions in patients with advanced CLL. The observation of late remissions provided evidence of a graft-versus-leukemia effect.
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Comparative Study
Localized extremity soft tissue sarcoma: improved knowledge with unchanged survival over time.
The objective of this study was to define whether survival of patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS), stratified for known risk factors, has improved over the last 20 years. ⋯ Prognosis of patients with extremity STS, stratified for known risk factors, has not improved over the last 20 years, indicating that current therapy has reached the limits of efficacy.