Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron alone and in combination with intravenous dexamethasone in the prevention of high-dose cisplatin-induced emesis.
This study compares the efficacy and safety of ondansetron alone with that of ondansetron plus dexamethasone in the prevention of emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin (> or = 100 mg/m2). ⋯ IV ondansetron in combination with dexamethasone is safe and more effective than ondansetron alone in the prevention of emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Difference in persistence of efficacy of two antiemetic regimens on acute emesis during cisplatin chemotherapy. The Italian Group for Antiemetic Research.
We conducted a prospective, double-blind, multicenter study of 287 cancer patients treated for the first time with high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy who were randomly assigned to receive three consecutive cycles of the same antiemetic treatment consisting of ondansetron plus dexamethasone, or metoclopramide plus dexamethasone and diphenhydramine. ⋯ Ondansetron plus dexamethasone was significantly more efficacious and better tolerated than metoclopramide plus dexamethasone and diphenhydramine during three cycles of chemotherapy and, in contrast to the metoclopramide regimen, the efficacy of ondansetron plus dexamethasone, at least for vomiting, is maintained in subsequent cycles.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
General information tapes inhibit recall of the cancer consultation.
Studies of tape recordings of cancer consultations have produced conflicting results. At the same time, audiotapes containing general information about cancer are poorly evaluated and are distributed to patients in an ad hoc manner. We compared the effects of both interventions on patient satisfaction, psychologic adjustment, and recall of information following their first consultation with a medical oncologist. ⋯ We conclude that individual audiotapes have a limited potential to increase recall of information from the oncology consultation. General information tapes about cancer appear to inhibit recall actively.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
An intergroup phase III randomized study of doxorubicin and dacarbazine with or without ifosfamide and mesna in advanced soft tissue and bone sarcomas.
Doxorubicin alone or with dacarbazine (DTIC; AD) is considered the best available therapy for metastatic adult sarcomas. Ifosfamide is active in sarcomas that have failed to respond to a doxorubicin-based regimen. This study was designed to determine if ifosfamide added to doxorubicin and DTIC (ADI) significantly effects toxicity, response rate, and survival. Patients with measurable metastatic or unresectable sarcoma were randomized to receive AD or ADI. Patients with chondrosarcomas, fibrosarcomas, and other sarcomas of bone were eligible, although those with osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and mesothelioma were excluded, as were patients with prior chemotherapy for sarcoma or prior doxorubicin. ⋯ In all three randomized trials of doxorubicin with and without ifosfamide (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG], European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC], and this study), the response rate was higher for the ifosfamide-containing arm, significantly so in this and the ECOG studies. An improved response rate may be particularly important for the preoperative management of high-grade, borderline resectable lesions or pulmonary metastases, particularly in younger patients. In older patients, or for low-to intermediate-grade lesions, doxorubicin and DTIC followed by ifosfamide on progression is preferred.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-titration study of oral pilocarpine for treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients.
To determine the efficacy and safety of pilocarpine hydrochloride for symptomatic relief of postradiation xerostomia symptoms and for saliva production in patients with head and neck cancer. ⋯ It is concluded that pilocarpine produces clinically significant benefits for the symptomatic treatment of postradiation xerostomia. Best results were obtained with continuous treatment for 8 to 12 weeks with doses greater than 2.5 mg three times per day.