Resuscitation
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Absence or inhibition of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signalling during murine myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R) decreases myocardial necrosis and inflammation, thereby ameliorating cardiac dysfunction and improving survival. In the present study, we provide evidence for the involvement of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway in TLR2-dependent reperfusion injury. ⋯ Akt is an important mediator of cardioprotection in TLR2(-/-) animals during MI/R. The effect is, however, likely mediated by its genomic overexpression in the heart of TLR2(-/-) animals whilst Akt activation by phosphoinositide-3-kinase is unaltered.
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Public access automated external defibrillator (PAD) programs have been shown to be successful in several municipalities. This study sought to determine the usage of and survival rate from a large, urban PAD program in the first 10 years since its implementation. ⋯ While the majority of PAD cases occurred at an airport, there were also survivors from other public locations. AEDs deployed as part of a large PAD program resulted in a very high survival rate for patients with cardiac arrest.
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Ischemic postconditioning (PC) with "stuttering" reintroduction of blood flow after prolonged ischemia has been shown to offer protection from ischemia reperfusion injury to the myocardium and brain. We hypothesized that four 20-s pauses during the first 3 min of standard CPR would improve post resuscitation cardiac and neurological function, in a porcine model of prolonged untreated cardiac arrest. ⋯ Ischemic postconditioning with four 20-s pauses during the first 3 min of SCPR improved post resuscitation cardiac function and facilitated neurological recovery after 15 min of untreated cardiac arrest in pigs.
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BACKGROUND AND GOAL OF STUDY: The relationship between chest compression rate and compression depth is unknown. In order to characterise this relationship, we performed an observational study in prehospital cardiac arrest patients. We hypothesised that faster compressions are associated with decreased depth. ⋯ This study showed an association between higher compression rates and lower compression depths. Avoiding excessive compression rates may lead to more compressions of sufficient depth.