Resuscitation
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Comparative Study
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in real life: the most frequent fears of lay rescuers.
Surviving cardiac arrest depends on early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Only one third of cardiac arrest victims receive prompt CPR in spite of well-attended Basic Life Support (BLS) courses. Our study aimed to investigate that how many lay rescuers, capable of performing CPR, would do so, and to analyse their impeding fears. ⋯ This descriptive study demonstrates that the percentage that would really perform CPR is too low, particularly in the case of a child. Part of the course should be dedicated to discussing these arguments to ensure that all those capable of performing good CPR would immediately do so.
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This study investigated the systemic and microvascular hemodynamic changes related to increased nitric oxide (NO) availability following significant hemorrhage, made available by administration of NO releasing nanoparticles (NO-nps). Hemodynamic responses to hemorrhagic shock were studied in the hamster window chamber. Acute hemorrhage was induced by arterial controlled bleeding of 50% of blood volume, and the resulting hemodynamic parameters were followed over 90 min. ⋯ Paradoxically, the peripheral vasodilation induced by the NO-nps did not decrease blood pressure, and combined with NO's effects on vascular resistance, NO-nps promoted intravascular pressure redistribution and blood flow, avoiding tissue ischemia. Therefore, by increasing NO availability with NO-nps during hypovolemic shock, it is possible that cardiac stability and microvascular perfusion can be preserved, ultimately increasing survivability and local tissue viability, and reducing hemorrhagic shock sequelae. The relevance, stability, and efficacy of exogenous NO therapy in the form of NO-nps will potentially facilitate the intended use in battlefield and trauma situations.
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Comparative Study
Training rates and willingness to perform CPR in King County, Washington: a community survey.
It has been hypothesized that high rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in a community will lead to improved survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, factors to consider when designing a far-reaching community CPR training program are not well defined. We explored factors associated with receiving CPR training in the survey community and characteristics contributing to willingness to perform CPR in an emergency. ⋯ Retraining rates, methods for reaching underserved populations and measures that will improve the likelihood that bystanders will perform CPR in an emergency should be considered when designing a community CPR education program.
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Comparative Study
Toddler parents training, understanding, and perceptions of CPR.
Little is known about parent CPR skills and their perceptions of its use, especially in the context of drowning incidents among young children where parents are often the first responder. The primary objective of the study was to examine parental understanding of child and adult CPR, extent of CPR training, and parental confidence to perform CPR. ⋯ Our findings highlight the need for education interventions to address the substantial gaps in knowledge of CPR for all parents of young children.
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Comparative Study
Adrenal gland blood flow and noradrenaline plasma concentration during CPR in pigs.
In comparison to adrenaline, administration of vasopressin increases adrenal gland perfusion, but decreases catecholamine plasma concentrations when compared to saline placebo. We directly compared the effects of adrenaline with different doses of vasopressin on adrenal gland perfusion, and noradrenaline plasma concentrations during CPR. ⋯ Vasopressin enhances adrenal gland perfusion, but decreases noradrenaline plasma concentration when compared to adrenaline during CPR. Neither adrenal gland perfusion nor noradrenaline plasma concentration affect survival in this pig model of cardiac arrest.