Resuscitation
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Time is the crucial factor in the "chain of survival" treatment concept for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to measure different response time intervals by comparing emergency medical system (EMS), fire fighters and smartphone aided volunteer responders. ⋯ First arriving volunteer responders had the shortest unit response time when compared to both fire fighters and EMS, however this advantage was reduced by delays introduced at the dispatch center. Earlier automatic dispatch should be considered in further studies.
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Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the published evidence related to family presence during adult resuscitation from cardiac arrest. ⋯ The effect of family presence during resuscitation varies between individuals. There was variability in the effect of family presence during resuscitation on patient outcomes, family and provider outcomes and perceptions.