Resuscitation
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Review Meta Analysis
Vasopressin and Glucocorticoids for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data.
To perform a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of vasopressin and glucocorticoids for the treatment of cardiac arrest. ⋯ Among adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest, vasopressin and glucocorticoids compared to placebo, improved return of spontaneous circulation. Larger trials are needed to determine whether there is an effect on longer-term outcomes.
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Review Meta Analysis
Long-term outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Long term outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term (1-year and beyond) survival outcomes, including overall survival and survival with favorable neurological status and the quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes, among patients who survived the initial OHCA event (30 days or till hospital discharge). ⋯ Our study found that up to 20.8% of OHCA patients survived to 15-years, and survival was lower in Asia compared to the other regions. Further analysis on the differences in survival between the regions are needed to direct future long-term treatment of OHCA patients.
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The survival rate of patients with traumatic cardiac arrest is 3% or lower. Cardiac arrest witnessed by emergency medical services (EMS) accounts for approximately 16% of prehospital traumatic cardiac arrests, but the prognosis is unknown. We aimed to compare the 1-month survival rate of cardiac arrest witnessed by EMS with that of cardiac arrest witnessed by bystanders and unwitnessed cardiac arrest in traffic trauma victims; further, the time from injury to cardiac arrest was assessed. ⋯ The 1-month survival rate was significantly higher in the EMS-witnessed cardiac arrest group than in the bystander-witnessed and unwitnessed cardiac arrest groups. It is important to prevent progression to cardiac arrest in trauma patients with intact respiratory function and pulse rate at the time of contact with EMS. A system for early recognition of severe trauma is needed, and a doctor's car or helicopter can be requested as needed. We believe that early recognition and prompt intervention will improve the prognosis of prehospital traumatic cardiac arrest.
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Early recognition and rapid defibrillation of shockable rhythms is strongly associated with survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Little is known about the accuracy of paramedic rhythm interpretation and its impact on survival. We hypothesized that inaccurate paramedic interpretation of initial rhythm would be associated with worse survival. ⋯ Paramedics achieved high sensitivity for shock delivery to shockable rhythms, but with an 11% shock delivery rate to PEA. Misclassification of initial rhythm was associated with poor survival. Technologies that assist in rhythm identification during CPR, rapid shock delivery, and minimal hands-off time may improve outcomes.
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Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by an out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest (OHCA) may vary widely in their probability of dying. Large variation in mortality may have implications for current national efforts to benchmark operator and hospital mortality rates for coronary angiography. We aimed to build a risk-adjustment model of in-hospital mortality among OHCA survivors with concurrent STEMI. ⋯ In a large national registry, we identified 5 key predictors for mortality in patients with STEMI and OHCA and found wide variability in mortality risk. Our findings suggest that current national benchmarking efforts for coronary angiography, which simply adjusts for the presence of OHCA, may not adequately capture patient case-mix severity.