Resuscitation
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Airway management by paramedics using endotracheal intubation with a laryngoscope versus the oesophageal tracheal Combitube and EasyTube on manikins: a randomised experimental trial.
The EasyTube, which is constructed in a similar way to the Combitube, is a recently introduced alternative to tracheal intubation for airway management in emergency medicine. ⋯ For paramedics tested on manikins placement success rate was higher with less time required for the Combitube and Easytube than for tracheal intubation with no differences between the Combitube and EasyTube.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
One-handed versus two-handed chest compressions in paediatric cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.
To determine emergency department (ED) staff preference for one- or two-handed paediatric chest compressions and to determine if there was a difference in compression rates delivered and fatigability between the techniques. ⋯ This study showed that CPR compression rate is similar with one- and two-handed compression techniques, but compression rate decreased more quickly with the one-handed technique. The majority of staff preferred the two-handed compression technique for reasons of ease, control and uniformity with other CPR techniques.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Teaching recognition of agonal breathing improves accuracy of diagnosing cardiac arrest.
Agonal breathing is present in up to 40% of pre-hospital cardiac arrests and is commonly mistaken as a sign of circulation leading to omission of bystander resuscitation. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that specific tuition on agonal breathing improves the accuracy of checking for signs of circulation as a diagnostic test for cardiac arrest. ⋯ This study demonstrates improved diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of "checking for signs of circulation" by teaching CPR providers to recognise agonal breathing as a sign of cardiac arrest.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Adverse events associated with lay emergency response programs: the public access defibrillation trial experience.
The adverse event (AE) profile of lay volunteer CPR and public access defibrillation (PAD) programs is unknown. We undertook to investigate the frequency, severity, and type of AE's occurring in widespread PAD implementation. ⋯ AED use following widespread training of lay-persons in CPR and AED is generally safe for the volunteer and the patient. Lay volunteers may report significant, usually transient, emotional stress following response to a potential cardiac arrest. Within the context of this prospective, randomized multi-center study, AEDs have an exceptionally high safety profile when used by trained lay responders.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask and mouth-to-face-shield ventilation by lay persons.
A prospective randomised study on 70 volunteers without previous first aid education (42 males, 28 females, mean age 17) was performed to compare mouth-to-mouth ventilation (MMV, n = 24) versus mouth-to-pocket-mask ventilation (MPV, n = 25) and mouth-to-face-shield ventilation (MFV, n =21), and to evaluate if an instruction period of 10 min would be sufficient to teach lay persons artificial ventilation. Every volunteer performed three ventilation series using a bench model of an unprotected airway. ⋯ MPV showed the best ventilation quality. It resulted in a more adequate TV than MMV and MFV and lower stomach inflation than MMV. Only a relatively low percentage of ventilations were within the recommended range for TV and this may be related to the short training duration. We found different performances between the sexes, a high inter-individual variation and mainly a low ventilation quality. Therefore, further studies have to focus more on teaching duration, sex differences and ventilation quality.