Upsala journal of medical sciences
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The complex interplay between genetically diverse tumor cells and their microenvironment significantly influences cancer progression and therapeutic responses. This review highlights recent findings on cellular plasticity and heterogeneity within the breast cancer ecosystem, focusing on the roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). ⋯ Understanding the hierarchical relationships and niche cues governing cellular phenotypes offers new opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions. By elucidating the organizational principles of the tumor ecosystem, future therapies may target phenotypic states or entire cellular niches, advancing precision medicine approaches in breast cancer treatment.
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Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene occur with high prevalence in a wide range of human tumors. A significant fraction of these mutations (around 10%) are nonsense mutations, creating a premature termination codon (PTC) that leads to the expression of truncated inactive p53 protein. ⋯ Full-length p53 protein generated by translational readthrough retains the capacity to transactivate p53 target genes and trigger tumor cell death. These findings raise hopes for efficient therapy of TP53 nonsense mutant tumors in the future.
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cancer in adults and stands out as one of the most vascularized and immune-infiltrated solid tumors. Overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor A promotes uncontrolled growth of abnormal vessels and immunosuppression, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a prominent role in disease progression, drug targeting and drug response, and for patient outcome. ⋯ Recent genetically engineered ccRCC mouse models together with emerging evidence from single cell RNA sequencing data open up for future validation studies, including multiplex imaging of ccRCC patient cohorts. These studies are of importance for therapy benefit and personalized treatment of ccRCC patients.
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Infertility along with fertility treatments has been reported to have a devastating effect on the well-being of the individuals involved as well as their relationship. So far, the studies exploring the impact on the relationship have mainly focused on heterosexual couples facing infertility and undergoing treatment. There is, therefore, a lack of data on the potential role of sexual orientation, gamete origin, as well as treatment success on the risk of separation after fertility treatment. The purpose of this study was, thus, to explore whether sexual orientation, donation treatment, and fertility success affected the relationship well-being and to explore various separation-related aspects. ⋯ The findings can be used by fertility clinics to provide relationship tools to the treated couples in order to help them nurture their relationship and decrease the risk of separation in the long run.
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Comparative Study
Tenecteplase compared to alteplase in real-world outcome: A Swedish Stroke Register study.
Tenecteplase is increasingly used off-label as an alternative to alteplase for ischemic stroke thrombolysis. Our aim was to evaluate the safety of tenecteplase versus alteplase in comprehensive real-world data. ⋯ Tenecteplase was not non-inferior in safety outcome, although associated with decreased DNT. As accumulating randomized controlled studies support the non-inferiority of tenecteplase regarding functional outcome, it is important to keep scrutinizing the safety outcomes.