Clinics in dermatology
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As the use of indoor tanning beds gained popularity in the decades after their appearance in the market in the early 1970s, concerns arose regarding their use. Clinical research has revealed an association between indoor tanning and several health risks, including the subsequent occurrence of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers, the development of psychologic dependence, and a tendency toward other high-risk health behaviors. In the face of mounting evidence, legislation has been passed, which includes the restriction of access to tanning beds by minors in 42 states and the District of Columbia, and the recent reclassification by the Food and Drug Administration, which now categorizes tanning beds as class II devices and worthy of restrictions and oversight. Early evidence suggests that these labors are resulting in cultural change, although continued efforts are necessary to limit further exposure and better inform the public of the dangers associated with indoor tanning use.
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Clinics in dermatology · Sep 2015
Review Case ReportsSystemic drug reactions with skin involvement: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and DRESS.
Skin is often affected in adverse drug reactions. Although the majority of cutaneous adverse drug reactions are benign and self-limiting, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), affecting multiple organs and systems, are potentially fatal. Many organs can be affected, including the mucosal membranes, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, kidneys, and eyes. We discuss the causes, pathophysiologic aspects, and main clinical features of SJS, TEN, and DRESS as systemic diseases with skin involvement.
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Clinics in dermatology · Jul 2015
ReviewAcrodermatitis enteropathica and other nutritional diseases of the folds (intertriginous areas).
The appropriate intake and metabolism of vitamins and minerals are critical to maintaining homeostasis. Imbalance in essential nutrients, either through dietary excess or deficiency or disorders in metabolism, can result in a spectrum of dermatologic and systemic manifestations. ⋯ Recognition of these patterns is important, as they can alert the physician to an underlying nutritional disease. We review nutritional diseases involving zinc, biotin, essential fatty acids, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), and riboflavin that present specifically with intertriginous eruptions.
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Clinics in dermatology · Mar 2015
ReviewPhotosensitive disorders of the skin with ocular involvement.
Patients with photosensitive disorders of the skin may present with ocular manifestations that are evident at birth or may be manifested later with progression of the disorder. Dermatologists should be able to recognize these and appropriately refer patients for further management. ⋯ Photodermatoses in these groups with ocular involvement will be discussed. In addition, skin diseases associated with photophobia are also described.
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Clinics in dermatology · Mar 2015
ReviewRegional anesthesia of the eye, orbit, and periocular skin.
Advances in ophthalmic surgery, together with achieving greater patient safety, have changed the requirements of regional anaesthesia of the eye, orbit, and periocular skin. Patient comfort, safety, and low complication rates are essentials of regional anesthesia, which includes invasive procedures that generate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, as well as akinesia. ⋯ Local anesthesia is the reversible loss of sensation in certain area of the body to minimize pain and obtain patient comfort. It can be achieved through topical application or injection of anesthetic agents that block the nerve impulses to that tissue.