Vaccine
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Letter Randomized Controlled Trial
Influence of circadian rhythm on the efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccination.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Antibody induction by virosomal, MF59-adjuvanted, or conventional influenza vaccines in the elderly.
In a randomized, observer-blind, three-arm, parallel group, multi-centre trial including 386 elderly subjects in four countries, the immunogenicity and safety was studied of three different trivalent inactivated surface antigen (subunit) influenza vaccine types: a conventional subunit influenza vaccine (SIV, brand: Influvac and two newer vaccines: a MF59-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine (adSIV, brand: Fluad and a virosomal subunit influenza vaccine (vSIV, brand: Invivac. All vaccines were trivalent containing 15 microg hemagglutinin of each virus strain as recommended by the World Health Organization for the 2004-2005 season. The study was designed to demonstrate the serological non-inferiority of vSIV to both adSIV and SIV in elderly persons. ⋯ Vaccinations caused only little inconvenience as measured by questionnaire. In general, all vaccines were safe and well tolerated. In this trial, virosomal vaccine had similar immunogenicity to MF59-adjuvanted and conventional subunit vaccine and was considerably less reactogenic than the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine in the elderly.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Immunogenicity of reduced antigen content tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine in adolescents as a sixth consecutive dose of acellular pertussis-containing vaccine.
Three hundred and nineteen adolescents aged 10-12 years who had been previously vaccinated with five doses of acellular pertussis-containing vaccines received single doses of Tdap (reduced-antigen-content tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) and hepatitis A vaccines in a double-blind crossover trial. Long-term antibody persistence following vaccination with Tdap at pre-school age was similar to that following vaccination with DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis). After the sixth dose booster, Tdap induced a vigorous immune response, consistent with protection against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis diseases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Induction of immune memory following administration of a prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6/11/16/18 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine.
The duration of protection afforded by vaccines represents a critical test of their utility as public health interventions. Some vaccines induce long-term immunity, while others require booster doses. Vaccines that induce long-term protection are usually characterized by the generation of immune memory. Recent trials of a quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, 18) human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine have demonstrated high efficacy through 5 years of follow-up. We evaluated the extent to which the vaccine is able to generate HPV type-specific immune memory. ⋯ A three-dose regimen of quadrivalent HPV vaccine induces high efficacy and stable anti-HPV levels for at least 5 years. Vaccination also induces robust immune memory. These findings suggest that the efficacy of this vaccine will be long lasting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparative reactogenicity and immunogenicity of 23 valent pneumococcal vaccine administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection in elderly adults.
23 Valent pneumococcal vaccine is provided to the elderly through public health programs in many countries. However there is no clear recommendation regarding its route of administration (subcutaneous or intramuscular). ⋯ Local adverse reaction rates were; intramuscular 7.1% and subcutaneous 18.9% and these were predicted by: * Pre-vaccination antibody titres>1 microg/ml, odds ratio 22.4 (8.06-74.84) compared with pre-vaccination antibody titre<1 microg/ml. * Female gender, odds ratio 5.0 (1.85-14.83) compared with male gender. * Subcutaneous injection route, odds ratio 3.20 (1.13-9.13) compared with intramuscular injection route. * Female gender subcutaneous injection route, odds ratio 2.99 (1.10-8.70) compared with female gender intramuscular injection route. These data support the intramuscular injection of 23 valent pneumococcal vaccine, especially in elderly females.