Der Unfallchirurg
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Review Comparative Study
[Developments in hip hemi-arthroplasty and theory of the link-chain dimeric hip prosthesis].
Aim of the study was to analyze the developments of hemiarthroplasties from the femur prosthesis to the bicentric bipolar prosthesis of today. Using the theories published 1990 by Nägerl about "dimeric link chains", nineteen bipolar-head systems were analyzed and biomechanically explained. ⋯ Eleven of the sixteen today available systems work like this concept which was reached by try and error. The function of a bicentric system is solved now and explained by physics.
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Trauma has been described as a "disease of bleeding" [45]. Recognition of acute blood loss after injury, and restoration of homeostasis is the cornerstone of the initial care of the badly injured patient. Hypovolaemia remains the most common cause of death among those killed in action during military conflicts [46] and, in the civilian arena, increasing numbers of patients are being encountered with penetrating injuries, even in societies where blunt injury have previously been the norm. ⋯ Successful outcomes after the treatment of patients with penetrating trauma depend on the integration of many agencies, from prehospital care, initial reception, assessment and resuscitation through the operating room, intensive care and post-injury rehabilitation. Recognition of the importance of time and adherence to sound trauma management principles with conservative management when appropriate should see further improvements in our treatment of this important group of patients. Reducing the incidence of these injuries is the responsibility of us all and must be the focus of all governmental initiatives.
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Therapy of cartilage damage is a frequent problem, especially in the young and active patient. For the treatment of a cartilage damage we have to consider the size of the defect, age and weight of the patient, meniscal tears, ligament instabilities and varus-/valgus-malalignment. ⋯ Microfracturing seems to be an effective alternative for small defects. The restoration of the cartilage surface with the use of autologous chondrocyte transplantation, osteochondral autograft transplantation and posterior condyle transfer seems to be an adequate treatment for younger patients.
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Review Comparative Study
[Multiple trauma with craniocerebral trauma. Early definitive surgical management of long bone fractures?].
Head injuries are found in 17.6% of all trauma in-patients and are the most common cause of death after injury (26.6%) in Germany. Main factors for the initial and follow up assessment are the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and pupil reaction. These are of a very predictive value for the outcome and are essential for the emergency crew to choose the adequat trauma hospital. ⋯ Their difference determines the cerebral perfusion pressure which should be 60 mmHg at least. Intracranial pressure rates below 20 mmHg are favourable. Optimal management within the first days is essential for good outcome.