Anaesthesia and intensive care
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Mar 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialIntraoperative ketamine may influence persistent pain following knee arthroplasty under combined general and spinal anaesthesia: a pilot study.
We report the findings of a randomised controlled triple-blind pilot study of intraoperative ketamine infusion combined with spinal anaesthesia on the prevalence of persisting post surgical pain following total knee arthroplasty surgery. Twelve patients were randomised to receive either ketamine or placebo in association with spinal anaesthesia for total knee arthroplasty. ⋯ Perioperative data collected during the study suggested that the addition of intraoperative ketamine might also improve the quality of recovery. Although no statistical analysis was undertaken due to the small numbers, these preliminary findings suggest that the use of intraoperative systemic ketamine in association with spinal anaesthesia for the reduction of persisting post surgical pain deserves further study.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyTropisetron plus subhypnotic propofol infusion is more effective than tropisetron alone for the prevention of vomiting in children after tonsillectomy.
This study evaluated the efficacy of tropisetron compared with tropisetron and a subhypnotic propofol infusion in preventing postoperative vomiting following tonsillectomy. One hundred and forty healthy children, aged four to 12 years, undergoing tonsillectomy were recruited in a randomised, double-blind study. After induction with sevoflurane, anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide. ⋯ The 0.257 absolute risk reduction of vomiting with the addition of propofol represents a number needed to treat of 3.87, and a risk ratio of 0.51 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.79). Significantly fewer patients vomited in the tropisetron-plus-propofol group than in the tropisetron-alone group during the zero to four post-surgery interval (P = 0.016), but the difference was not statistically significant for the four to 24 hour postoperative period (P = 0.116). Intraoperative subhypnotic propofol infusion combined with tropisetron is more effective than tropisetron alone in reducing postoperative vomiting after tonsillectomy in children.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyRandomised comparison of the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway with the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway during anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing adult patients.
We tested the hypothesis that the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway (PLA) with its high volume low-pressure cuff would provide superior airway leakage pressure compared with the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) in spontaneously breathing adult patients. Ninety consecutive adult patients were randomly allocated to receive one of these two supralaryngeal devices. The airway leakage pressure was higher for the PLA compared with the LMA (22 +/- 9 cmH2O vs. 18 +/- 6 cmH2O; P < 0.05). ⋯ The number of attempts required to achieve successful insertion and the incidence of postoperative complications were similar in both groups. The findings suggest that the PLA provides a superior airway seal at a lower intracuff pressure compared to the LMA. However the time for successful insertion may be increased.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialA prospective randomised controlled trial of ultrasound guided versus nerve stimulation guided distal sciatic nerve block at the popliteal fossa.
The direct visualisation of nerves and adjacent anatomical structures may make ultrasonography the preferred method for nerve localisation. In this prospective randomised study, we investigated whether, for distal sciatic nerve block in the popliteal fossa, an ultrasound guided technique would result in the use of less local anaesthetic without changing block characteristics and quality. Using electrical nerve stimulation or ultrasound guidance, the nerve was identified in two groups of 20 patients scheduled for lower limb surgery. ⋯ The attending anaesthesiologist assessed the injected volume. Significantly less local anaesthetic was injected in the ultrasound group compared to the nerve stimulation group (17 vs. 37 ml, P < 0.001), while the overall success rate was increased (100% vs. 75%; P = 0.017). We conclude that the use of ultrasound localisation for distal sciatic nerve block in the popliteal fossa reduces the required dose of local anaesthetic significantly, and is associated with a higher success rate compared to nerve stimulation without changing block characteristics.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of computer-integrated patient-controlled epidural analgesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia with a basal infusion for labour and delivery.
Computer-integrated patient-controlled epidural analgesia (CIPCEA) is a novel epidural drug delivery system. It automatically adjusts the background infusion based on the individual parturient's need for analgesia as labour progresses. In this randomised controlled trial, we compared the local anaesthetic consumption by parturients using either CIPCEA or patient-controlled epidural analgesia with a moderate basal infusion (PCEABI) of 5 ml/hour. ⋯ The CIPCEA group had a higher infusion rate during the second stage of labour (mean (SD) 7.0 (4.1) ml/hour vs. 4.5 (1.5) ml/hour P = 0.008), but did not have a longer duration of this stage. There were no differences between the groups in obstetric or foetal outcomes or side-effect profiles. The CIPCEA system has similar time-weighted, hourly consumption of local anaesthetic to PCEABI and may increase patient satisfaction.