Anaesthesia and intensive care
-
Anaesth Intensive Care · Jun 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudySkin temperature during sympathetic block: a clinical comparison of bupivacaine 0.5% and ropivacaine 0.5% or 0.75%.
Measurement of skin temperature can be used as an indicator of sympathetic blockade induced by neuraxial anaesthesia. The aim of the study was to test the skin temperature response to epidural administration of bupivacaine and different concentrations of ropivacaine. Forty-eight ASA class I-II patients undergoing herniorraphy were enrolled into a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. ⋯ A skin temperature rise of 1 to 1.8 degrees C compared with basal values was observed in all patients within the first hour. Temperature returned to basal values within four hours in the ropivacaine 0.5% group, within five hours in the ropivacaine 0.75% group, and remained 1 degrees C higher after five hours in the bupivacaine 0.5% group (P<0.01). The duration of sympathetic block is significantly shorter with ropivacaine than with bupivacaine.
-
Anaesth Intensive Care · Jun 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialIntravenous fluid to prevent hypotension in patients undergoing elective colonoscopy.
Colonoscopy may be associated with hypotension during sedation leading to postoperative morbidity. However, no treatment is proven to ameliorate intraoperative hypotension for this procedure. We therefore conducted a randomized trial to determine the effect of intravenous fluid infusion on the incidence of hypotension during sedation for colonoscopy. ⋯ The incidence of hypotension during sedation (29% vs 25%; P=0.59) and postoperative morbidity (nausea, vomiting, headache, drowsiness and dizziness) (41% vs 39%; P= 0.75) did not differ between the two groups. Hypotensive patients were older, had a higher baseline systolic blood pressure, and were thirstier after fluid infusion than normotensive patients. This study does not support the use of 15 ml/kg Hartmann's solution to reduce the incidence of hypotension or postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing elective colonoscopy.
-
Anaesth Intensive Care · Jun 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyRecovery after prolonged anaesthesia for acoustic neuroma surgery: desflurane versus isoflurane.
In this study, 33 patients were randomly assigned to receive desflurane (D) or isoflurane (I) for acoustic neuroma surgery. The time from end of the procedure to spontaneous breathing, extubation, eye-opening, hand-squeezing to command, and ability to state name, birthdate and phone number were recorded. The Steward recovery score was also recorded every five minutes during the first 20 minutes postoperatively and then every 10 to 15 minutes. ⋯ Steward recovery scores were also better during the first postoperative hour in the D group (D: 40 min vs I: 90 min, P<0.005 for 100% of patients with Steward score of 6). The results indicate that desflurane is associated with similar operating conditions and faster postoperative recovery following acoustic neuroma surgery. The faster recovery following desflurane may be desirable after long surgical procedures, enabling the patient's full cooperation and facilitating early diagnosis of any potential neurological deficit.
-
Anaesth Intensive Care · Apr 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of scalp block on postoperative pain relief in craniotomy patients.
The efficacy of scalp nerve block using 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline for postoperative pain relief in craniotomy patients was evaluated in 40 ASA I or II adult patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy. A standard general anaesthesia technique was followed. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. ⋯ The number of doses of diclofenac (5 vs 19) was significantly lower in group B compared to group S (P < 0.01). Tramadol was required by six patients in group S only. Scalp nerve block using 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:400,000 adrenaline decreases the incidence and severity of postoperative pain in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy.
-
Anaesth Intensive Care · Apr 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of the oropharyngeal leak pressure between the reusable Classic laryngeal mask airway and the single-use Soft Seal laryngeal mask airway.
We tested the oropharyngeal leak pressure with the reusable laryngeal mask airway and the single-use Soft Seal laryngeal mask airway. These two types of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) have a similar design but the reusable LMA cuff is made from silicone whereas the Soft Seal LMA cuff is polyvinylchloride. ⋯ However, in four subjects the oropharyngeal leak pressure was higher with the reusable by > 4 cm H2O. We concluded that the reusable LMA may provide a better seal in some individuals but that, on average, the Soft Seal provides a higher oropharyngeal leak pressure than the reusable LMA.