The Clinical journal of pain
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Fear-avoidance beliefs, physical activity, and disability in elderly individuals with chronic low back pain and healthy controls.
Research studies focussing on the fear-avoidance beliefs model (FABM) have expanded considerably during the last years, however, there has been very little research directed at the elderly. The objective of the present study was to investigate the validity of the FABM in older patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). ⋯ The findings are consistent with results reported in the literature for younger age groups and confirm the assumption that the FABM is also valid for the elderly.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Effect of microneedle design on pain in human volunteers.
To design microneedles that minimize pain, this study tested the hypothesis that microneedles cause significantly less pain than a 26-gauge hypodermic needle, and that decreasing microneedle length and the number of microneedles reduces pain in normal human volunteers. ⋯ Microneedles are significantly less painful than a 26-gauge hypodermic needle over the range of dimensions investigated. Decreasing microneedle length and number of microneedles reduces pain.
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Clinical Trial
Ketamine and midazolam delivered by patient-controlled analgesia in relieving pain associated with burns dressings.
A study involving the use of a mixture of ketamine and midazolam delivered via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device was trialed to assess its effectiveness in reducing pain associated with repeated burns dressings in an adult population. ⋯ The use of ketamine/midazolam delivered by PCA was shown to be an effective means of pain control during burns dressings as assessed by both staff and patients. The incidence of adverse events was low.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Sex differences in presentation, course, and management of low back pain in primary care.
Epidemiologic surveys frequently show that women more often and are more affected by low back pain (LBP). The aim of this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled study was to explore whether presentation and course of LBP of women is different from men, and if sex affects the use of healthcare services for LBP. ⋯ Our findings confirm that women are more severely affected by LBP and have a worse prognosis. Utilization of healthcare services cannot be fully explained by female sex, but rather by a higher impairment by back pain and pain in other parts of the body characteristic of the female population.
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The aims of this study were: (1) to describe and compare pain intensity, disability, cognitive, physical, behavioral, and environmental variables in 4 predefined categories, on the basis of duration and recurrence of nonspecific spinal pain; and (2) to compare disability, cognitive, physical, behavioral, and environmental variables in these 4 predefined categories, after controlling for pain intensity. ⋯ After controlling for pain intensity, categories based on pain duration/recurrence differed in 3 cognitive variables and perceived social support. Pain expectations, catastrophizing and perceived social support were related to longer duration of pain. Between-group differences were small and pain duration/recurrence was not an important explanatory factor.