The Clinical journal of pain
-
To investigate the association between sleep disturbance and clinical features of chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). We also aimed to use a bootstrapped mediation analysis approach to systematically examine both direct and indirect pathways by which sleep disturbance may affect chronic pain and functional status. ⋯ Sleep disturbance in chronic WAD was associated with worse health outcomes and demonstrated both direct and indirect effects on both chronic pain and function.