The Clinical journal of pain
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Pain typically prompts individuals to seek relief. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the Pain Relief Motivation Scales, applying revised "reinforcement sensitivity theory" to measure the neuropsychological systems underlying motivation for pain relief. We hypothesized a 6-factor structure based on previous work, including one Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) factor, one Fight-Flight-Freeze System factor, and 4 Behavioral Activation System (BAS) factors. ⋯ As the first attempt to create an instrument measuring neuropsychological systems underlying motivation for pain relief, the findings show that additional work is needed to refine theory and psychometric rigor in this area. Cautiously, the results suggest that a BIS-BAS model, with minimal Fight-Flight-Freeze System contributions, might be useful for understanding the motivation for relief.
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This study aimed to assess levels and predictors of self-efficacy and motivation to change opioid use among a community sample of patients using opioids for chronic pain, as well as patient-reported barriers to pursuing opioid discontinuation. ⋯ Patients with lower pain severity, shorter duration of pain, and higher concerns about opioids may be a prime target from a motivation standpoint for interventions addressing opioid tapering and discontinuation.
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To summarize and appraise the use of dexmedetomidine in epidural labor analgesia, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). ⋯ Dexmedetomidine combined with local anesthetic for epidural labor analgesia can improve the VAS score of parturients. Except for the increased incidence of maternal bradycardia, it seems to be safe for the parturients and fetuses.
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Patients' beliefs about pain play an important role in their readiness to engage with chronic pain self-management. The central aim of this study was to validate a self-report instrument to assess a specific set of pain beliefs, patients' endorsement of a biopsychosocial model of chronic pain Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale (PEB). ⋯ Our results show that the PEB Scale is a highly reliable self-report instrument that has the potential to predict patients' readiness to adopt pain self-management. Future research should focus on revalidating the scale to operationalize PEB. Moreover, the PEB Scale should be implemented in longitudinal study designs to investigate its ability to predict the transition from acute to chronic pain and patients' long-term pain management.
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Cannabis is increasingly being used for chronic pain management, but cannabis' effects remain poorly characterized in chronic nociplastic pain (NPP), which is posited to be caused by disturbances in nervous system pain processing. In this cross-sectional study (n=1213), we used the 2011 Fibromyalgia (FM) Survey Criteria as a surrogate measure for degree of NPP among individuals using medical cannabis for chronic pain. ⋯ This article presents evidence that individuals in higher NPP quartiles have higher analgesic intake, higher odds of substituting cannabis for medications, higher side effect burden, and lower therapeutic effect from cannabis. These seemingly contradictory findings may reflect higher symptom burden, polypharmacy at baseline, or that NPP may be challenging to treat with cannabis. Further research is necessary to further explain cannabinoid effects in NPP.