The Clinical journal of pain
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Interactive Versus Passive Distraction and Parent Psychoeducation as Pain Management Techniques During Pediatric Venepuncture: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The aim of the current research was to compare the relative efficacy of interactive and passive distraction, with or without parental psychoeducation, on child pain and distress during a venepuncture. We also compared the effect of parental psychoeducation on parental distress, knowledge of distraction strategies, and engagement in distraction. ⋯ The results indicated that distraction type did not have a significantly different influence on child pain-related outcome variables. In addition, while psychoeducation was demonstrated to be effective in increasing parental knowledge, it was not sufficient to change parental behavior.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Acute Procedural Pain in Children: Intervention With the Hospital Clown.
Hospitalized children often describe needle-related procedures as the worst pain possible and such procedures may be emotionally traumatic. The use of hospital clowns (HCs) related to painful medical procedures in children may offer pain relief, but this has not been systematically evaluated. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a therapeutic clown in comparison with standard care on the experience of pain in children receiving venipuncture. ⋯ Assessing the pain experience of children receiving venipuncture with the presence of an HC indicates a pain relieving effect for children older than 6 years. However, future studies should carefully study the effects on younger children where mixed effects may be present.
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Neuromodulation, particularly intrathecal drug delivery systems and spinal cord stimulators (SCSs), can be a valuable tool when treating chronic pain in adults. However, there is a paucity of literature with regard to its use in pediatrics. ⋯ Neuromodulation can offer important options in treating some pediatric chronic pain patients. In-depth knowledge of primary disease and strict patient selection in the context of the patient's social situation is vital to successful treatment.
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This study examined the pattern of use and factors predicting prolonged prescription opioid medications among cancer patients following treatment with curative intent. ⋯ Treatment with chemotherapy, pain-modifying medications, cancer stage, and interval between diagnosis and treatment are the best predictors for continuous opioid use. The current epidemic of opioid misuse and abuse makes examination current practices and identifification of areas of improvement imperative.
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Expressions of pain by individuals with chronic pain may encourage solicitous and distracting responses from some partners and punishing responses from others. Partners' responses can impact the well-being of individuals with chronic pain. Yet information about factors that can explain the link between expression of pain behaviors and different partners' responses is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of perceived partner burden and relationship quality in the link between expressions of pain behaviors and perceived partner responses (ie, solicitous, distracting, and punishing responses). ⋯ Enhanced partner burden and reduced relationship quality may be one pathway through which pain behaviors relate to partner responses.