The Clinical journal of pain
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Multicenter Study
A multi-institutional study analyzing effect of prophylactic medication for prevention of opioid-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic treatment with laxatives and antiemetics on the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions such as constipation, nausea and vomiting in cancer patients who received oral opioid analgesics for the first time. ⋯ We showed evidence for the effectiveness of premedication with laxatives for prevention of opioid-induced constipation. However, premedication with dopamine D2 blockers was not sufficient to prevent nausea or vomiting.
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We propose a theoretical framework for the behavioral modulation of pain based on constructivism, positing that task engagement, such as listening for errors in a musical passage, can establish a construction of reality that effectively replaces pain as a competing construction. Graded engagement produces graded reductions in pain as indicated by reduced psychophysiological arousal and subjective pain report. ⋯ Engaging activities may prevent pain by creating competing constructions of reality that draw on the same processing resources as pain. Better understanding of these processes will advance the development of more effective pain modulation through improved manipulation of engagement strategies.
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The success and effectiveness of a day surgery model are essentially related to a good postoperative course with a rapid recovery. Adequate management of analgesia during the hospital stay and after discharge becomes mandatory in reducing postoperative patient discomfort, and in facilitating discharge to home. ⋯ The use of a preoperative test to assess individual pain threshold may be predictive for postoperative pain and analgesic request. The mathematical and statistical model used in this study confirms that a difference in the value of VAS of 3 shall be mathematically eligible for analgesia treatment.
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Review Meta Analysis
Adverse events attributable to nocebo in randomized controlled drug trials in fibromyalgia syndrome and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: systematic review.
The objectives of the study were to determine the impact of nocebo effects on adverse events (AEs) in drug trials in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). ⋯ Nocebo effects substantially accounted for AEs in drug trials of FMS and DPN. Standards to assess and report AEs should be defined by regulatory agencies. Strategies to minimize nocebo effects in both clinical trials and clinical practice should be developed.
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Review Meta Analysis
Transcranial direct current stimulation for the reduction of clinical and experimentally induced pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on clinical and experimental pain, and to identify the most beneficial stimulation parameters. ⋯ The level of evidence for the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in experimental and chronic pain reduction is low. Evidence from high quality randomized controlled trials is required before this treatment should be recommended.