The Clinical journal of pain
-
To review the (1) reliability, validation, feasibility, and clinical utility and (2) the use of the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) from 1996 to 2009 to determine the effectiveness of pain management strategies. ⋯ The PIPP continues to be a reliable and valid measure of acute pain in infants with numerous positive validation studies. There is substantial support for the use of the PIPP as an effective outcome measure in pain intervention studies in infants. Further research with health professionals is required to better support the feasibility and clinical utility of this measure.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Morphine versus oxycodone in pancreatic cancer pain: a randomized controlled study.
According to experimental findings, oxycodone (OX) could have some advantages over morphine (MO) in clinical models of visceral pain. It was hypothesized that OX could have some advantages over MO in terms of efficacy and dose escalation in pancreatic cancer pain. ⋯ OX and MO provided similar analgesia and adverse effects with similar escalating doses in patients with pancreatic cancer pain, resembling observations reported in the general cancer pain population. The experimental hypothesis that OX would be superior to MO in the clinical model of pancreatic cancer pain was not confirmed.
-
Review
The fear avoidance model disentangled: improving the clinical utility of the fear avoidance model.
The model of fear avoidance proposes that fear of movement in back pain patients is an obstacle to recovery and leads over time to increased disability. Therefore, fear of movement should be targeted explicitly by interventions. ⋯ Future research should elucidate whether the proposed subgrouping of patients with avoidance behavior is helpful. Further research should focus on developing more accurate and psychometrically sound assessment tools as well as targeted interventions to improve activities and participation of patients with chronic disabling musculoskeletal pain disorders.
-
It is generally thought that exercise is beneficial to alleviate pain. However, prolonged movement may lead to the development of painful injuries, because of the overload of low-threshold motor units. Especially in individuals with a pain condition, exercise prescription and the impact of fatigue is less clear. ⋯ Owing to these adaptations in movement strategies, pain chronicity may help to dictate exercise prescription. For example, the correct dosage of multimuscle, dynamic exercises would act to promote movement variability. Thus, it seems that exercise involving the use of different movement strategies could be effective in helping people to obtain exercise-induced benefits while avoiding injury and pain reaggravation.
-
Injury to peripheral nerves associated with trauma, amputation, or surgery may lead to the formation of neuromas that can produce severe pain refractory to pharmacotherapy. Ectopic impulse activity arising in blindly ending axons within the neuroma, which contain abnormal accumulations of sodium channels, is thought to be a major contributor to this pain. The effect of surgical excision has remained controversial. Here we report a prospective study on the effect of neuroma removal on pain. ⋯ Our findings suggest that, as a therapeutic maneuver, surgical excision of neuromas should be reserved for only those patients with intractable pain, who have failed to respond to other therapies. However, prior poor response to neuroma removal does not preclude relief of pain after a new excision.