The Clinical journal of pain
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Neuropathic pain questionnaire--short form.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Sex differences in cortisol response to noxious stress.
Evidence has accumulated that men and women show different responses to noxious stimuli, with women exhibiting greater sensitivity to pain than men. Data concerning sex differences in cortisol response patterns have revealed inconsistent results so far. The purpose of the present study was to examine sex differences in subjective pain and cortisol response to a noxious stressor. ⋯ The present study demonstrates that men show a larger cortisol response to a noxious stressor than women that is not attributable to sex differences in subjective pain. The conclusion of a causal relation between larger cortisol responses and higher pain tolerance thresholds in men is tempting but yet speculative.
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Sex-correlated differences in pain perception and behavior have been reported in several studies. Where such differences are found, they are most often in the direction of girls and women reporting more pain than is reported by boys and men. ⋯ We affirm that there is convincing evidence that such psychosocial factors must be taken into account in research on sex-correlated differences in pain. We contend that the use of the dichotomous variable sex as a proxy for presumed biologic aspects of being female or male may obscure the contribution to sex-correlated differences that could be ascribed to the ways in which women and men are socialized with respect to pain perception and pain reporting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Does the type of arthroscopic surgery modify the analgesic effect of intraarticular morphine and bupivacaine? A preliminary study.
To analyze the different analgesic response to intraarticular morphine and bupivacaine in different types of arthroscopic surgery. ⋯ The analgesic effect of morphine and bupivacaine is different depending on the type of arthroscopic surgery. Intraarticular bupivacaine is effective in surgeries with a low inflammatory response. For surgeries with a higher inflammatory response, morphine has a better analgesic effect. Postoperative intraarticular analgesic therapy should be indicated according to the performed arthroscopic procedure.