The Clinical journal of pain
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This study examined the relation between level of educational achievement (LOE) and the clinical morbidity associated with chronic pain. ⋯ After controlling for relevant covariates, LOE was unrelated to pain intensity, severity of depressive symptoms, or affective distress, but was inversely related to self-reported disability. Persons with lower LOEs possessed a greater belief that pain is a "signal of harm," unrelated to emotional experience, disabling and uncontrollable. They also endorsed more passive and maladaptive coping strategies, including a tendency to catastrophize about their pain. Path analysis indicated that, after controlling for the influence of both the belief that pain is a "signal of harm" and catastrophizing on the association between LOE and disability, this relation loses statistical significance. These results suggest that pain-related cognitions mediate the relation between LOE and pain disability and that persons with lower LOEs are more likely to develop maladaptive pain beliefs and coping strategies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The lidocaine patch 5% effectively treats all neuropathic pain qualities: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 3-week efficacy study with use of the neuropathic pain scale.
Several controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the lidocaine patch 5% (LP) for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). ⋯ This study demonstrates that LP reduces the intensity of all common neuropathic pain qualities and thus may be of potential benefit for nonallodynic neuropathic pain states. Furthermore, these findings suggest that peripheral mechanisms may play a role in the pathophysiological development of pain qualities that heretofore have been assumed not to involve peripheral mechanisms, such as "dull," "deep," "sharp," and "burning" pains.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Does postoperative pain induce emesis?
The aim of this prospective, controlled study was to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative emesis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery and receiving patient-controlled analgesia for three days. ⋯ The results suggested that postoperative pain was an associative risk factor to increase the incidence of emesis in these female patients.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Contribution of individual spa therapies in the treatment of chronic pain.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of individual spa therapies administered during a period of 3 weeks on measures of well being and pain in a sample of patients with chronic back pain. ⋯ The results indicate that, in addition to the individual therapies, other factors relating to spa therapy as a whole must contribute to overall treatment outcome. In addition, the results support the efficacy of exercise therapy for chronic back pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of multiple against single pain intensity measurements in complex regional pain syndrome type I: analysis of 54 patients.
To describe the comparison of multiple and single pain ratings in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I). ⋯ In patients with CRPS I a single pain rating is an accurate predictor of the average pain measured by a multiple pain-rating test. Moreover, both assessments are accurate enough to determine changes in pain over time with an effective treatment.