The Clinical journal of pain
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The analgesic effect of botulinum-toxin A on postwhiplash neck pain.
The effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTXA) injections in relieving the neck pain and reduced motion that evolve after whiplash injury (WI) has been controversial. ⋯ Study results suggest that BTXA treatment has some efficacy when administered within 1 year of the WI. However, a large, well-designed clinical trial is needed to draw final conclusions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Is it painful or not? Discriminant validity of the Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP) scale.
To evaluate the ability of the Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP) scale to discriminate between skin-breaking and nonskin breaking procedures, and to identify sensitized pain responses in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). ⋯ The BIIP scale is reliable, accurate, and valid assessment for measuring acute pain in preterm infants in the NICU. This assessment combines the relatively most specific, anatomically based, theoretically derived indicators; and it allows evaluation of behavioral and physiologic pain responses separately.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) for pain relief during suprapubic aspiration in young infants: a randomized, controlled trial.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream reduce the pain experienced by newborns and young infants undergoing suprapubic aspiration (SPA). ⋯ Newborns and infants undergoing SPA experience pain during the procedure. Application of EMLA cream 1 hour before SPA is effective in reducing the pain associated with SPA. In situations in which an SPA is not emergent, strong consideration should be given to the use of EMLA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Impact of continuous low level heatwrap therapy in acute low back pain patients: subjective and objective measurements.
Muscular pain is usually associated with increased muscle tension resulting in a vicious tension-pain-cycle, leading to increased alertness and stress. However, this has not been broadly evaluated using objective methods, for example, looking at neurophysiologic changes. The focus of this study was, therefore, to combine objective [spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) as a surrogate of alertness and stress] with subjective parameters (self-assessed pain affected variables) to investigate the effect of continuous low-level heat therapy in low back pain (LBP)-patients. ⋯ In addition to classic psychophysical assessment of pain-related parameters and sleep quality, performance in daily life, we were able to obtain objective measures (EEG) that suggest an acute therapeutic relaxation on the basis of the central nervous system effects accompanying the reported significant pain relief. We believe that this was due to a reduced nociceptive information load in LBP-patients after the use of the heatwrap therapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Nimesulide in the treatment of postoperative pain: a double-blind, comparative study in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery.
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of nimesulide in the relief of postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery compared with naproxen and placebo. ⋯ This study demonstrates that nimesulide is an effective, fast-acting and well-tolerated oral anti-inflammatory drug with a distinct analgesic activity after out-patient orthopedic surgery.