Clinics in geriatric medicine
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Clin. Geriatr. Med. · May 1988
ReviewApproach to the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal disease.
Musculoskeletal disease is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Complaints of musculoskeletal disease indicate disease. Differential diagnosis relies on clinical skills. Management is directed toward maintaining function.
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The most common forms of brain tumor in the elderly are metastasis, glioma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, and acoustic neuroma. They produce a variety of neurologic symptoms and usually can be readily diagnosed by CT scan. ⋯ The prognosis of a patient with a brain tumor depends on the tumor's histology, its location, and the patient's ability to tolerate therapy. Early diagnosis is important for successful treatment.
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In order to approach infections in elderly patients with cancer, one must have an understanding of infections in normal elderly populations. This article approaches infections in elderly patients by an examination of host factors, presentation of various organisms, infections of various body sites, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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In this article we have attempted to review basic aspects of the respiratory immune system and some of what is known about the effects of aging on immunity. We have discussed the more common forms of interstitial lung disease as they relate to the elderly patient and have outlined a general method of approaching interstitial disease in this population. This topic is the focus of considerable ongoing research, and a wealth of information is available for the clinician who desires to delve more deeply into the subject. It is our hope that this article will serve as a background to facilitate further study by those with a particular interest in this area.
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The evaluation and treatment of patients who complain of wheezing take on special significance in the elderly. Although asthma may begin late in life, it is distinctly uncommon. When it does, it is clinically undistinguishable from asthma present at an earlier age. ⋯ Any side effects are particularly troublesome in the elderly, and careful patient monitoring is essential. Wheezing in the elderly may also signal the onset of other diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, pulmonary aspiration, pulmonary embolism, and bronchogenic carcinoma. Consideration of these causes of wheezing will lead to appropriate diagnostic studies and specific therapy.