Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery
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There are a number of glandular disorders that can affect the nails. A listing of the diseases and their corresponding nail changes is shown in Table 2. It is imperative to be able to discern this possible etiology from others, such as trauma and shoegear. ⋯ When a glandular disorder is the source of nail pathology, the signs are very often nonspecific. Many pathologies produce similar nail changes, and singular nail changes may be caused by different pathologies. One must use extreme caution in trying to diagnose systemic pathologies from changes observed in nails.
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Clin Podiatr Med Surg · Apr 1989
ReviewNail changes associated with systemic disease and vascular insufficiency.
In some cases, nail changes may not only be the presenting sign of systemic disease, but a sensitive indicator of treatment efficacy as well. Awareness of nail dystrophies and their association with underlying pathology can aid the practitioner in the diagnosis and management of the podiatric patient.
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Two principal classifications of ankle fractures are reviewed. Anatomic and roentgenographic criteria used for the assessment of reduction in ankle fractures are highlighted in this review of ankle trauma.
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Clin Podiatr Med Surg · Oct 1988
ReviewArthrography, tenography, and bursography of the ankle and foot.
A brief description of normal anatomy and common arthrographic, tenographic, and bursographic procedures is presented. The described procedures are important diagnostic tools and do not carry major risk. Therefore, these procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis.
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In the past, intraarticular fractures that were unresponsive to conservative care have required open arthrotomy. However, recent advances in technology and instrumentation have made arthroscopy of the small joints possible. This article provides an overview of new methods of diagnosis and treatment of intraarticular fractures of the ankle.