Cancer metastasis reviews
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Jan 2004
ReviewTreatment of colorectal cancer metastasis: the role of chemotherapy.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been the main chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer for four decades with modest efficacy. Modulation of 5-FU by leucovorin or continuous infusion improves the response rate, but overall survival duration remains approximately 12 months. Many oral fluoropyrimidines have been studied, including capecitabine, UFT, S-1, and Eniluracil. ⋯ Oxaliplatin plus 5-FU has offered another effective treatment option for colorectal cancer. Both 5-FU plus leucovorin in combination with CPT-11 or oxaliplatin are widely used first-line chemotherapies for advanced colorectal cancer. Optimal combinations and sequences of treatment are being studied, since several effective regimens have become available.
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Jan 2002
ReviewChemoprevention of lung cancer: current status and future prospects.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The current mainstays of lung cancer therapy are surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. These interventions have produced slight declines in mortality rates in the last 5 years however, it appears unlikely that marked improvements will occur in the near future. ⋯ All have so far produced either neutral or harmful primary endpoint results showing that lung cancer was not prevented by alpha-tocopheral, beta-carotene, retinal, retinyl palmitate, N-acetylcysteine or isotretinoin in smokers. Secondary results supporting treatment with isotretinoin in 'never' and former smokers and data from prevention trials involving selenium and vitamin E however, are encouraging and offer a promising direction for future clinical study. Other areas of promise for future lung cancer chemoprevention study include the study of molecular markers of risk and drug activity, molecular targeting study, improved imaging techniques and new drug delivery systems.
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Jan 2000
Review Historical ArticleMetastasis of cancer: a conceptual history from antiquity to the 1990s.
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Jan 1999
ReviewCTL-defined cancer vaccines: perspectives for active immunotherapeutic interventions in minimal residual disease.
The characterization of tumor-associated antigens recognized by cellular or humoral effectors of the immune system has opened new perspectives for cancer therapy. Several categories of cancer-associated antigens have been described as targets for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro and in vivo: (1) 'Cancer-Testis' (CT) antigens expressed in different tumors and normal testis, (2) melanocyte differentiation antigens, (3) point mutations of normal genes, (4) antigens that are overexpressed in malignant tissues, and (5) viral antigens. Clinical studies with peptides derived from these antigens have been initiated to induce specific CTL responses in vivo. ⋯ Recently, a strategy utilizing spontaneous antibody responses to tumor-associated antigens (SEREX) has led to the identification of a new CT antigen, NY-ESO-1. In a melanoma patient with high titer antibody against NY-ESO-1 also a strong HLA-A2 restricted CTL reactivity against the same antigen was found. Clinical studies involving tumor antigens that induce both antibody- and CTL-responses will show whether these are better candidates for immunotherapy of cancer.
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Sep 1996
ReviewImmunotherapy III: Combinatorial molecular immunotherapy--a synthesis and suggestions.
Animal models have clearly shown that tumor cells may be amenable to molecular manipulation which can result in immune activation and rejection of unmodified cells (Chapters 4 and 5). The challenge now is to design clinical trials which have a realistic chance of success, (although the definition of 'success' is itself an important issue [see Chapter 9]. How should such a strategy be formulated? A review of the previous fifteen years since the first (immune) gene transfer studies were reported, encompasses a great wealth of data. ⋯ Clear elucidation of these goals, by unifying the huge amount of disparate experimental data, must eventually be accomplished. In this chapter, we have reviewed the literature covering the era of molecular immunotherapy. We propose four general goals around which widely applicable clinical protocols, not necessarily dependent upon tumour type or experimental bias, might be based and suggest how they may be achieved in the context of gene transfer.