Current medical research and opinion
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The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to describe the adherence and discontinuation patterns of somatropin over 3 years among children with pGHD insured by Medicaid across the United States. ⋯ Sociodemographic characteristics may be risk factors for suboptimal adherence and/or discontinuation of prescribed somatropin therapy. Improving GH regimen adherence among this at-risk population, and specifically among subgroups at highest risk, is warranted to improve clinical outcomes.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder characterized by disturbed cellular and humoral immune responses. Dysregulations of immune system and immunosuppressive medications predispose SLE patients to infection. This study aims to investigate the alterations and absolute concentrations of lymphocyte subpopulations in SLE patients with different infection and their responses of low-dose IL-2 therapy. ⋯ Patients with SLE had insufficiency of circulating lymphocyte subsets. This phenomenon was more obverse in those accompanying infection, suggesting the low concentration of lymphocytes may be used as indicators of high infection risk in SLE patients. Low-dose IL-2 induced expansion of Treg cells and NK cells, which may contribute to the restoration of immune homeostasis in SLE patients.
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At global level, the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be caused by an etiologic agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Numerous evidence and propositions have emerged on the molecular and cellular attributes that cause COVID-19. ⋯ In this direction, preclinical and clinical data on the comorbidities in the case of mitochondrial defective disease and COVID-19 are not available. The authors propose that patients harboring primary mitochondrial disease and secondary mitochondrial dysfunction will display a higher severity and death rate compared to healthy mitochondria harboring patients.
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Meta Analysis
Risk of Parkinson's disease in glaucoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between glaucoma and the risk of Parkinson's disease. ⋯ The hazard of developing Parkinson's disease was non-significantly different for those with glaucoma compared to controls; however, there were not enough studies available to draw definitive conclusions.
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The totality-of-evidence approach requires that similarity between a proposed biosimilar and a reference biologic is demonstrated across a range of analytical, preclinical, and clinical parameters to establish biosimilarity. We describe the totality of evidence for Sandoz biosimilar pegfilgrastim (LA-EP2006 [marketed as Ziextenzo]) that supported its regulatory approval in Europe and the United States. ⋯ The totality of evidence confirms that Sandoz biosimilar pegfilgrastim matches the reference biologic and will therefore provide equivalent efficacy and safety in all eligible indications.