Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
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J. Bone Miner. Res. · Dec 1993
ReviewOral imaging as a diagnostic tool for assessing osseous changes.
Practical use of images for diagnosis of osseous abnormalities presumes cost-effective technology that targets known physiologic processes. The most obvious modalities for such applications are radiographic, and the newest are characterized by quantitative methods expressed both tomographically and by means of digital subtraction registered in two and three dimensions. Quantitative nuclear medicine and possibly electron spin resonance spectroscopy also appear promising. New analytic techniques for interpreting osseous images include characterization of trabecular patterns by fractal descriptors and micromorphometry.
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The primary role of radiographic imaging in dental health has been the detection and localization of disease as a guide for surgical intervention. In this role, it appears to differ from the primary role of postcranial skeletal radiography, evaluation of the structural integrity of the bone. ⋯ This structure-function relationship can be used as a framework within which the potential of new technologies developed for evaluation of the postcranial skeleton can be assessed relative to craniofacial imaging. Within this context, I treat first the use of newer imaging modalities, followed by methods to assess bone properties, and finally the coupling of these technologies with other analytic tools to obtain direct information about the structure-function relationship in the cranioskeleton.
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J. Bone Miner. Res. · Jul 1993
Comparative StudyAlkali absorption and citrate excretion in calcium nephrolithiasis.
The role of net gastrointestinal (GI) alkali absorption in the development of hypocitraturia was investigated. The net GI absorption of alkali was estimated from the difference between simple urinary cations (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) and anions (Cl and P). In 131 normal subjects, the 24 h urinary citrate was positively correlated with the net GI absorption of alkali (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). ⋯ Thus, urinary citrate was normally dependent on the net GI absorption of alkali. This dependence was less marked in RTA, confirming the renal origin of hypocitraturia. However, the normal dependence was maintained in CDS and in idiopathic hypocitraturia, suggesting that reduced citrate excretion was largely dietary in origin as a result of low net alkali absorption (from a probable relative deficiency of vegetables and fruits or a relative excess of animal proteins).
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J. Bone Miner. Res. · Jul 1992
Bone mineral density in the proximal femur and hip fracture type in the elderly.
Bone mineral density (BMD) in the contralateral proximal femur in 100 female elderly patients with hip fracture and the 35 controls without hip fracture were investigated using dual-photon absorptiometry. The hip fracture patients were divided into intracapsular fracture (n = 53) and extracapsular fracture (n = 47) groups, and these two groups were further divided into five subgroups according to fracture site: intracapsular fracture type 1 (transcervical fracture, n = 29) and type 2 (subcapital fracture, n = 24); extracapsular fracture type 1 (intertrochanteric line fracture, n = 13), type 2 (pertrochanteric fracture, n = 28), and type 3 (combined type of pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fracture, n = 6). ⋯ When these two were subclassified into five subgroups, different results were seen in terms of BMD value in the proximal femur and fracture types; intracapsular fracture type 1 showed BMD values equivalent to those of controls; on the other hand, type 2 showed significantly lower BMD value than controls, and the BMD distribution in the proximal femur among the extracapsular fracture subgroups 1-3 differed, although all of them showed significantly lower BMD values than controls. The degree of trauma causing the fractures was also assessed according to available anamnestic data, but no significant difference was found in trauma tendency between the intra- and the extracapsular fracture group or among the subgroups in each group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)