Perfusion
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of epidural anesthesia on intrathoracic blood volume and extravascular lung water during on-pump cardiac surgery.
The most important side effect of epidural anesthesia is hypotension with functional hypovolemia. Aggressive infusion therapy can reduce the hypotension effect. However, in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass, it can increase acute lung injury. We hypothesized that epidural anesthesia, by reducing cardiac sympathetic tonus, with subsequent better pulmonary flow, does not increase lung interstitial fluids. ⋯ Epidural anesthesia / analgesia does not increase interstitial lung fluids by increasing intrathoracic blood volume or the amount of infusion fluids in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. There is, also, a decreased duration of mechanical lung ventilation.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Propofol requirement titrated to bispectral index: a comparison between hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
Though propofol requirement is expected to decrease during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a few studies have failed to demonstrate this. The factors affecting pharmacokinetics of propofol and, therefore, the requirement, are different during hypothermic and normothermic CPB. We evaluated and compared the requirement of propofol during hypothermic and normothermic CPB. ⋯ The BIS (median +/- inter quartile range) remained constant during normothermic CPB (50 +/- 8.8), but declined significantly during hypothermic CPB (41 +/- 5.6) despite decreased usage of propofol during hypothermia. No patient had recall of intra-operative events. CPB decreases the magnitude of propofol requirements and the effect of hypothermic CPB is significantly more than that of normothermic CPB.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Beneficial effects of modern perfusion concepts in aortic valve and aortic root surgery.
Minimized perfusion circuits (MPC) were found to reduce side effects of standard extracorporeal circulation (ECC). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ROCsafe MPC for aortic valve and aortic root surgery. One hundred and seventy patients were randomized for surgery using either MPC [n = 85, 30 female/55 male, mean age: 69.8 +/- 11.8 years; aortic valve replacement (AVR): n = 40; AVR + coronary artery bypass graft (CABG): n = 31; David operation: n = 3; aortic root replacement (ARR): n = 11] or ECC [n = 85, 29 female/56 male, mean age: 67.7 +/- 9.5 years; AVR: n = 39; AVR+CABG: n = 35, David operation: n = 2; ARR: n = 9]. ⋯ One stroke occurred in each group. The ROCsafe MPC provides safe circulatory support for a wide range of aortic valve surgeries. Transfusion requirements, postoperative bleeding and length of ICU stay were markedly reduced compared to standard extracorporeal perfusion.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on peripheral tissue metabolism and microvascular blood flow.
The aim of this study was to monitor and compare the changes in metabolism and blood flow in the skeletal muscles during cardiac operations performed with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and operations without CPB (off-pump) by means of interstitial microdialysis (Figure 1). Surgical revascularization, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), was performed in 40 patients randomized to two groups. Twenty patients (On-Pump Group) were operated on using CPB, 20 patients (Off-Pump Group) were operated on without CPB. ⋯ These results showed significantly higher aerobic metabolic activity of the peripheral tissue of patients in the Off-Pump Group vs. the On-Pump Group during the course of cardiac revascularization surgery. Results suggest that extracorporeal circulation, cardiopulmonary bypass, compromises peripheral tissue (skeletal muscles) energy metabolism. These changes have no impact on the postoperative clinical outcome; no significant difference between the groups was found.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cardiopulmonary bypass management and acute renal failure: risk factors and prognosis.
The aim of the study was to investigate if acute renal failure (ARF) following cardiac surgery is influenced by CPB perfusion pressure and to determine risk factors of ARF. Our research consisted of two studies. In the first study, 179 adult patients with normal preoperative renal function who had been subjected to cardiac surgery on CPB were randomized into three groups. ⋯ We found that age (70.0 +/- 7.51 vs. 63.5 +/- 10.54 [standard deviation, SD], P = 0.016), valve replacement and/or reconstruction surgery (57.9% vs. 27.2%, P = 0,011), combined valve and CABG surgery (15.8% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.004), duration of CPB (134.74 +/- 62.02 vs. 100.59 +/- 43.99 min., P = 0.003) and duration of aortic cross-clamp (75.11 +/- 35.78 vs. 53.45 +/- 24.19 min., P = 0.001) were the most important independent risk factors for ARF. Cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion pressure did not cause postoperative renal failure. The age of patient, valve surgery procedures, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and duration of aorta cross-clamp are potential causative factors for acute renal failure after cardiac surgery.