Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Review
A systematic review of vasopressor blood pressure targets in critically ill adults with hypotension.
Clinicians must balance the risks from hypotension with the potential adverse effects of vasopressors. Experts have recommended a mean arterial pressure (MAP) target of at least 65 mmHg, and higher in older patients and in patients with chronic hypertension or atherosclerosis. We conducted a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials comparing higher vs lower blood pressure targets for vasopressor therapy administered to hypotensive critically ill patients. ⋯ Current evidence does not support a MAP target > 70 mmHg in hypotensive critically ill adult patients requiring vasopressor therapy.
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Two potentially fatal syndromes, malignant hyperthermia (MH), an adverse reaction to general anesthesia, and exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) share some clinical features, including hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, tachycardia, and elevated serum creatine kinase. Some patients with ER have experienced an MH event and/or have been diagnosed as MH susceptible (MHS). In order to assess the relationship between ER and MH further, we conducted a retrospective cohort study summarizing clinical and genetic information on Canadian patients with ER who were diagnosed as MHS. In addition, a systematic literature review was performed to compile further evidence on MH susceptibility and RYR1 and CACNA1S variants associated with rhabdomyolysis. ⋯ Findings from the Canadian patient cohort and the systematic review all signal a potential association between MH susceptibility and ER. The presence of MH-causative mutations and putative deleterious RYR1 variants in ER patients without a history of adverse anesthetic reactions suggests their possible increased risk for MH.
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We investigated the possible association between perioperative epidural and both cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). ⋯ Our retrospective analysis suggests that epidural at the time of surgical excision of localized RCC does not significantly impact CSS. Nevertheless, use of epidural was associated with significantly improved OS. Future prospective clinical and laboratory studies are warranted in order to characterize these associations further and determine the underlying mechanisms.
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The majority of pediatric surgeries are performed in a day surgery setting. The rate of adverse postoperative outcomes and the factors that influence them are poorly described in the Canadian setting. Concerns about the safety of adenotonsillectomy (AT) have been raised. The objective of this Ontario-based study was to determine the rates and risks of hospital readmission, emergency department (ED) visits, or deaths within 30 days following common pediatric surgeries, with an emphasis on AT. ⋯ Post-discharge readmissions and ED visits are relatively common after pediatric surgery, particularly for AT. Perioperative treatment algorithms that consider risk factors for hospital revisits are required in children.